作用:
在不破坏封装性的前提下,捕获一个对象的内部状态,并在该对象之外保存这个状态.这样以后就可将该对象恢复到原先保存的状态.
UML结构图:
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解析:
Memento模式中封装的是需要保存的状态,当需要恢复的时候才取出来进行恢复.原理很简单,实现的时候需要注意一个地方:窄接口和宽接口.所谓的宽接口就是一般意义上的接口,把对外的接口作为public成员;而窄接口反之,把接口作为private成员,而把需要访问这些接口函数的类作为这个类的友元类,也就是说接口只暴露给了对这些接口感兴趣的类,而不是暴露在外部.下面的实现就是窄实现的方法来实现的.
实现:
1)Memento.h
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/**//********************************************************************
created: 2006/08/09
filename: Memento.h
author: 李创
http://www.cppblog.com/converse/
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purpose: Memento模式的演示代码
*********************************************************************/
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#ifndef MEMENTO_H
#define MEMENTO_H
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#include <string>
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typedef std::string State;
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class Memento;
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class Originator
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{
public:
Originator(const State& rState);
Originator();
~Originator();
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Memento* CreateMemento();
void SetMemento(Memento* pMemento);
State GetState();
void SetState(const State& rState);
void RestoreState(Memento* pMemento);
void PrintState();
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private:
State m_State;
};
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// 把Memento的接口函数都设置为私有的,而Originator是它的友元,
// 这样保证了只有Originator可以对其访问
class Memento
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{
private:
friend class Originator;
Memento(const State& rState);
void SetState(const State& rState);
State GetState();
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State m_State;
};
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#endif
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2)Memento.cpp
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/**//********************************************************************
created: 2006/08/09
filename: Memento.cpp
author: 李创
http://www.cppblog.com/converse/
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purpose: Memento模式的演示代码
*********************************************************************/
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#include "Memento.h"
#include <iostream>
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Originator::Originator()
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{
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}
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Originator::Originator(const State& rState)
: m_State(rState)
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{
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}
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Originator::~Originator()
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{
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}
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State Originator::GetState()
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{
return m_State;
}
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void Originator::SetState(const State& rState)
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{
m_State = rState;
}
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Memento* Originator::CreateMemento()
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{
return new Memento(m_State);
}
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void Originator::RestoreState(Memento* pMemento)
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{
if (NULL != pMemento)
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{
m_State = pMemento->GetState();
}
}
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void Originator::PrintState()
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{
std::cout << "State = " << m_State << std::endl;
}
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Memento::Memento(const State& rState)
: m_State(rState)
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{
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}
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State Memento::GetState()
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{
return m_State;
}
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void Memento::SetState(const State& rState)
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{
m_State = rState;
}
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3)Main.cpp
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/**//********************************************************************
created: 2006/08/09
filename: Main.cpp
author: 李创
http://www.cppblog.com/converse/
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purpose: Memento模式的测试代码
*********************************************************************/
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#include "Memento.h"
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int main()
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{
// 创建一个原发器
Originator* pOriginator = new Originator("old state");
pOriginator->PrintState();
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// 创建一个备忘录存放这个原发器的状态
Memento *pMemento = pOriginator->CreateMemento();
// 更改原发器的状态
pOriginator->SetState("new state");
pOriginator->PrintState();
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// 通过备忘录把原发器的状态还原到之前的状态
pOriginator->RestoreState(pMemento);
pOriginator->PrintState();
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delete pOriginator;
delete pMemento;
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return 0;
}
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