题意是给定一系列模式串。然后给出一个文本串,问至少改变文本串里面多少个字符
可以使文本串不包含任何一个模式串。
还是先建立Trie图,然后在Trie图上面进行dp。dp的思路也不是很复杂。dp[i][j]的意思
是长度为i的文本串需要改变dp[i][j]个字符顺利到达状态j。需要注意的是长度为i的时候,
对应的字符串中的第i-1个字符。刚开始一直没发现这个bug。而且注意中途不能转移到
匹配成功的状态上去,多加几个条件控制即可了。。。
转移方程,dp[i][j] = min(dp[i][j], dp[i-1][nNext] + szText[i-1] != k),其中nNext
是从状态j可以转移到的非匹配成功的状态,k代表的当前边的权。
代码如下:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <queue>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
const int MAX_N = 61;
const int MAX_L = 31;
const int MAX_D = 4;
const int INF = 1110;
char chHash[256];
char szPat[MAX_L];
void InitHash()
{
chHash['A'] = 0;
chHash['G'] = 1;
chHash['C'] = 2;
chHash['T'] = 3;
}
struct Trie
{
Trie* fail;
Trie* next[MAX_D];
bool flag;
int no;
};
int nP;
Trie* pRoot;
Trie tries[MAX_N * MAX_L];
Trie* NewNode()
{
memset(&tries[nP], 0, sizeof(Trie));
tries[nP].no = nP;
return &tries[nP++];
}
void InitTrie(Trie*& pRoot)
{
nP = 0;
pRoot = NewNode();
}
void Insert(Trie* pRoot, char* pszPat)
{
Trie* pNode = pRoot;
while (*pszPat)
{
int idx = chHash[*pszPat];
if (pNode->next[idx] == NULL)
{
pNode->next[idx] = NewNode();
}
pNode = pNode->next[idx];
++pszPat;
}
pNode->flag = true;
}
void BuildAC(Trie* pRoot)
{
pRoot->fail = NULL;
queue<Trie*> qt;
qt.push(pRoot);
while (!qt.empty())
{
Trie* front = qt.front();
qt.pop();
for (int i = 0; i < MAX_D; ++i)
{
if (front->next[i])
{
Trie* pNode = front->fail;
while (pNode && pNode->next[i] == NULL)
{
pNode = pNode->fail;
}
front->next[i]->fail = pNode? pNode->next[i] : pRoot;
front->next[i]->flag |= front->next[i]->fail->flag;
qt.push(front->next[i]);
}
else
{
front->next[i] = front == pRoot? pRoot : front->fail->next[i];
}
}
}
}
int nChange[INF][INF];
char szText[INF];
int Solve()
{
int nLen = strlen(szText);
for (int i = 0; i <= nLen; ++i)
{
for (int j = 0; j < nP; ++j)
{
nChange[i][j] = INF;
}
}
int i, j, k;
nChange[0][0] = 0;
for (i = 1; i <= nLen; ++i)
{
for (j = 0; j < nP; ++j)
{
if (tries[j].flag) continue;
if (nChange[i - 1][j] == INF) continue;
for (k = 0; k < MAX_D; ++k)
{
int nNext = tries[j].next[k] - tries;
if (tries[nNext].flag) continue;
//trie是边权树,所以i是从1到len,而且当前字符是szText[i-1]
int nTemp = nChange[i - 1][j] + (k != chHash[szText[i - 1]]);
nChange[i][nNext] = min(nChange[i][nNext], nTemp);
}
}
}
int nAns = INF;
for (i = 0; i < nP; ++i)
{
if (!tries[i].flag)
nAns = min(nAns, nChange[nLen][i]);
}
return nAns == INF? -1 : nAns;
}
int main()
{
int nN;
int nCase = 1;
InitHash();
while (scanf("%d", &nN), nN)
{
InitTrie(pRoot);
while (nN--)
{
scanf("%s", szPat);
Insert(pRoot, szPat);
}
BuildAC(pRoot);
scanf("%s", szText);
printf("Case %d: %d\n", nCase++, Solve());
}
return 0;
}