第一个程序:
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
struct travel_time
  {
int hours;
int mines;
};
const int Mines_per_hr = 60;
travel_time sum(travel_time t1, travel_time t2);
void show_time(travel_time t);
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
  {
 travel_time day1 = {5, 45};
 travel_time day2 = {4, 55};
travel_time trip = sum (day1, day2);
cout<<"Two-day total: ";
show_time(trip);
 travel_time day3= {4,32};
cout<<"Three-day total: ";
show_time(sum(trip,day3));
return 0;
}
travel_time sum(travel_time t1, travel_time t2)
  {
travel_time total;
total.mines=(t1.mines+t2.mines)%Mines_per_hr;
total.hours=t1.hours+t2.hours+(t1.mines+t2.mines)/Mines_per_hr;
return total;
}
void show_time(travel_time t)
  {
cout<<t.hours<<" hours, "<<t.mines<<" minutes\n";
}
第二个程序: 这个例子将定义两个结构,用于表示两种不同的描述位置的方法,然后开发一个函数,将一种格式转换为另一种格式,并显示结果。
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;
//structure declarations
struct polar
  {
double distance; //distance from origin
double angle; //direction from origin
};
struct rect
  {
double x; //horizontal distance from origin
double y; //vertical distance from origin
};

// prototypes
polar rect_to_polar(rect xypos);
void show_polar(polar dapos);
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
  {
rect rplace;
polar pplace;
cout<<"Enter the x and y values: ";
// 将cin>>用作测试条件消除了这种限制,因为它接受任何有效地数字输入。
// 在需要使用循环来输入数字时候,别忘了考虑使用这种方式。另外请记住,
// 非数字输入将设置一个错误条件,禁止进一步读取输入。如果程序在输入
// 循环后还需要进行输入,则必须使用cin.clear()重置输入,然后可能需
// 要通过读取不合法的输入来丢弃它们。
while(cin>>rplace.x>>rplace.y) //slick use of cin
 {
pplace = rect_to_polar(rplace);
show_polar(pplace);
cout<<"Next two numbers(q to quit): ";
}
cout<<"Done.\n";
return 0;
}

//convert rectangular to polar coordinates
polar rect_to_polar(rect xypos)
  {
polar answer;
answer.distance=sqrt(xypos.x * xypos.x + xypos.y * xypos.y);
answer.angle=atan2(xypos.y, xypos.x);
return answer;
}
//show polar coordinates, converting angle to degrees
void show_polar(polar dapos)
  {
const double Rad_to_deg=57.29577951;
cout<<"distance = "<<dapos.distance;
cout<<", angle = "<<dapos.angle * Rad_to_deg;
cout<<" degrees\n";
}
第三个程序 传递结构的地址。假设要传递结构的地址而不是整个结构以节省时间和空间,则需要重新编写前面的函数,使用指向结构的指针。对于重新编写show_polar()函数,需要修改3个地方:1、调用函数时,将结构的地址(&pplace)而不是结构本身(pplace)传递给它。2、将形参声明为指向polar的指针,即polar*类型。由于函数不应该修改结构,因此使用const修饰。 3、由于形参是指针而不是结构,因此应使用间接成员操作符(->),而不是成员操作符(句点)。
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;
//structure declarations
struct polar
  {
double distance; //distance from origin
double angle; //direction from origin
};
struct rect
  {
double x; //horizontal distance from origin
double y; //vertical distance from origin
};

// prototypes
void rect_to_polar(const rect* pxy, polar* pda);
void show_polar(const polar *pda);
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
  {
rect rplace;
polar pplace;
cout<<"Enter the x and y values: ";
while(cin>>rplace.x>>rplace.y) //slick use of cin
 {
rect_to_polar(&rplace, &pplace);
show_polar(&pplace);
cout<<"Next two numbers(q to quit): ";
}
cout<<"Done.\n";
return 0;
}
void rect_to_polar(const rect* pxy, polar* pda)
  {
pda->distance=sqrt(pxy->x * pxy->x + pxy->y * pxy->y);
pda->angle=atan2(pxy->y, pxy->x);
}
void show_polar(const polar *pda)
  {
const double Rad_to_deg=57.29577951;
cout<<"distance = "<<pda->distance;
cout<<", angle = "<<pda->angle * Rad_to_deg;
cout<<" degrees\n";
}
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