不重起Windows直接更改IP地址
注:本文适用于WINDOWS NT/2000/XP/2003
设置IP地址只需要更改注册表中关于适配器的相应设置,但更改后需要重新启动系统才能生效,而AddIPAddress函数只能添加IP而不是更改当前的IP,我们在Windows NT/2000界面上操作不需要重新启动就可以生效,那系统到底做了什么额外的工作才使IP设置直接生效呢?笔者通过跟踪explorer.exe中API的调用发现在netcfgx.dll中调用了dhcpcsvc.dll中一个未公开的API:DhcpNotifyConfigChange,现将不重新启动WINDOWS直接更改IP地址的详细方法介绍如下:
一、获取适配器名称
这里指的适配器名称要区别于适配器描述,比如我的一块网卡,适配器描述是:Realtek RTL8139(A) PCI Fast Ethernet Adapter,适配器名称为:{66156DC3-44A4-434C-B8A9-0E5DB4B3EEAD}。获取适配器名称的方法有多种:
1.1 调用IP helper API取得适配器名称
ULONG ulAdapterInfoSize = sizeof(IP_ADAPTER_INFO);
IP_ADAPTER_INFO *pAdapterInfoBkp, *pAdapterInfo = (IP_ADAPTER_INFO*)new char[ulAdapterInfoSize];
if( GetAdaptersInfo(pAdapterInfo, &ulAdapterInfoSize) == ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW ) // 缓冲区不够大
{
delete pAdapterInfo;
pAdapterInfo = (IP_ADAPTER_INFO*)new char[ulAdapterInfoSize];
pAdapterInfoBkp = pAdapterInfo;
}
if( GetAdaptersInfo(pAdapterInfo, &ulAdapterInfoSize) == ERROR_SUCCESS )
{
do{ // 遍历所有适配器
if(pAdapterInfo->Type == MIB_IF_TYPE_ETHERNET) // 判断是否为以太网接口
{
// pAdapterInfo->Description 是适配器描述
// pAdapterInfo->AdapterName 是适配器名称
}
pAdapterInfo = pAdapterInfo->Next;
}while(pAdapterInfo);
}
delete pAdapterInfoBkp;
1.2 读取注册表取得适配器名称
在Windows2000中可以通过遍历 HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Class\{4d36e972-e325-11ce-bfc1-08002be10318}\000n\ (n是从0开始编号的数字)所有接口, 在Windows NT中可以读取HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\NetworkCards中的信息,下面以Windows2000为例: HKEY hKey, hSubKey, hNdiIntKey;
void __fastcall MyGetLanAdapterName(char *szLanAdapterName)
{
HKEY hKey, hSubKey, hNdiIntKey;
if(RegOpenKeyEx(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE,
"System\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Class\\{4D36E972-E325-11CE-BFC1-08002BE10318}",
0,
KEY_READ,
&hKey) != ERROR_SUCCESS)
return;
DWORD dwIndex = 0;
DWORD dwBufSize = 256;
DWORD dwDataType;
char szSubKey[256];
unsigned char szData[256];
while(RegEnumKeyEx(hKey, dwIndex++, szSubKey, &dwBufSize, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL) == ERROR_SUCCESS)
{
if(RegOpenKeyEx(hKey, szSubKey, 0, KEY_READ, &hSubKey) == ERROR_SUCCESS)
{
if(RegOpenKeyEx(hSubKey, "Ndi\\Interfaces", 0, KEY_READ, &hNdiIntKey) == ERROR_SUCCESS)
{
dwBufSize = 256;
if(RegQueryValueEx(hNdiIntKey, "LowerRange", 0, &dwDataType, szData, &dwBufSize) == ERROR_SUCCESS)
{
if(strcmp((char*)szData, "ethernet") == 0) // 判断是不是以太网卡
{
dwBufSize = 256;
if(RegQueryValueEx(hSubKey, "DriverDesc", 0, &dwDataType, szData, &dwBufSize) == ERROR_SUCCESS)
{
// szData 中便是适配器详细描述
dwBufSize = 256;
if(RegQueryValueEx(hSubKey, "NetCfgInstanceID", 0, &dwDataType, szData, &dwBufSize) == ERROR_SUCCESS)
{
//szData中便是适配器名称
strcpy(szLanAdapterName, szData);
}
}
}
}
RegCloseKey(hNdiIntKey);
}
RegCloseKey(hSubKey);
}
dwBufSize = 256;
} /**//* end of while */
RegCloseKey(hKey);
}
二、将IP信息写入注册表
代码如下:
BOOL RegSetIP(LPCTSTR lpszAdapterName, LPCTSTR pIPAddress, LPCTSTR pNetMask, LPCTSTR pNetGate)
{
HKEY hKey;
string strKeyName = "SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services\\Tcpip\\Parameters\\Interfaces\\";
strKeyName += lpszAdapterName;
if(RegOpenKeyEx(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE,
strKeyName.c_str(),
0,
KEY_WRITE,
&hKey) != ERROR_SUCCESS)
return FALSE;
char mszIPAddress[100];
char mszNetMask[100];
char mszNetGate[100];
strncpy(mszIPAddress, pIPAddress, 98);
strncpy(mszNetMask, pNetMask, 98);
strncpy(mszNetGate, pNetGate, 98);
int nIP, nMask, nGate;
nIP = strlen(mszIPAddress);
nMask = strlen(mszNetMask);
nGate = strlen(mszNetGate);
*(mszIPAddress + nIP + 1) = 0x00; // REG_MULTI_SZ数据需要在后面再加个0
nIP += 2;
*(mszNetMask + nMask + 1) = 0x00;
nMask += 2;
*(mszNetGate + nGate + 1) = 0x00;
nGate += 2;
RegSetValueEx(hKey, "IPAddress", 0, REG_MULTI_SZ, (unsigned char*)mszIPAddress, nIP);
RegSetValueEx(hKey, "SubnetMask", 0, REG_MULTI_SZ, (unsigned char*)mszNetMask, nMask);
RegSetValueEx(hKey, "DefaultGateway", 0, REG_MULTI_SZ, (unsigned char*)mszNetGate, nGate);
RegCloseKey(hKey);
return TRUE;
}
三、调用DhcpNotifyConfigChange通知配置的改变
未公开函数DhcpNotifyConfigChange位于 dhcpcsvc.dll中,原型如下: BOOL DhcpNotifyConfigChange(
LPWSTR lpwszServerName, // 本地机器为NULL
LPWSTR lpwszAdapterName, // 适配器名称
BOOL bNewIpAddress, // TRUE表示更改IP
DWORD dwIpIndex, // 指明第几个IP地址,如果只有该接口只有一个IP地址则为0
DWORD dwIpAddress, // IP地址
DWORD dwSubNetMask, // 子网掩码
int nDhcpAction ); // 对DHCP的操作 0:不修改, 1:启用 DHCP,2:禁用 DHCP
具体调用代码如下:
-
typedef BOOL (WINAPI *DHCPNOTIFYCONFIGCHANGE)(LPWSTR, LPWSTR, BOOL, DWORD, DWORD, DWORD, int);
BOOL MyNotifyIPChange(LPCTSTR lpszAdapterName, int nIndex, LPCTSTR pIPAddress, LPCTSTR pNetMask)
{
BOOL bResult = FALSE;
HINSTANCE hDhcpDll;
DHCPNOTIFYCONFIGCHANGE DhcpNotifyConfigChange;
WCHAR wcAdapterName[256];
MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, lpszAdapterName, -1, wcAdapterName,256);
if((hDhcpDll = LoadLibrary("dhcpcsvc")) == NULL)
return FALSE;
if((DhcpNotifyConfigChange = (DHCPNOTIFYCONFIGCHANGE)GetProcAddress(hDhcpDll,
"DhcpNotifyConfigChange")) != NULL)
{
if((DhcpNotifyConfigChange)(NULL, wcAdapterName, TRUE, nIndex,
inet_addr(pIPAddress), inet_addr(pNetMask), 0) == ERROR_SUCCESS)
{
bResult = TRUE;
}
}
FreeLibrary(hDhcpDll);
return bResult;
}