由于着色器通常是效果文件中的一个关键部分，所以我们在该例程的效果文件中使用了着色器。
/*****************************************************************************************
Cartoon shader in an effect file.
*****************************************************************************************/
matrix g_world_view;
matrix g_world_view_proj;
vector g_color;
vector g_dir_to_light;
texture g_shader_texture;
struct sVertexInput
{
vector position : POSITION;
vector normal : NORMAL;
};
struct sVertexOutput
{
vector position : POSITION;
float2 uv : TEXCOORD;
vector diffuse : COLOR;
};
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
sVertexOutput main(sVertexInput input)
{
sVertexOutput output = (sVertexOutput) 0;
// transforma vertex position to homogenous clip space
output.position = mul(input.position, g_world_view_proj);
// Transform lights and normals to view space, set w components to zero since we're transforming vectors.
// Assume there are no scalings in the world matrix as well.
g_dir_to_light.w = 0.0f;
input.normal.w = 0.0f;
g_dir_to_light = mul(g_dir_to_light, g_world_view);
input.normal = mul(input.normal, g_world_view);
// compute the 1D texture coordinate for catoon rendering
float u = dot(g_dir_to_light, input.normal);
// Clamp to zero if u is negative because u negative implies the angle between the light and normal
// is greater than 90 degrees. And if that is true then the surface receives no light.
if(u < 0.0f)
u = 0.0f;
float v = 0.5f; // set other texture coordinate to middle
output.uv.x = u;
output.uv.y = v;
output.diffuse = g_color; // save color
return output;
}
sampler ShaderSampler = sampler_state
{
Texture = (g_shader_texture);
MinFilter = POINT;
MagFilter = POINT;
MipFilter = NONE; // no filtering for cartoon shading
};
technique CartoonTech
{
pass pass0
{
vertexshader = compile vs_1_1 main();
Sampler[0] = (ShaderSampler);
}
}
我们注意到卡通着色器函数被定义在效果文件中，并且我们指定着色器使用一个特定的通道，在通道部分使用语法：vertexshader
= compile vs_1_1 main();。在效果文件中的设备状态象通常一样设置。
执行程序：
/**************************************************************************************************
Demonstrates cartoon rendering using a vertex shader in an effect file. You will have to switch to
the REF device to run this sample if your hardware does not support shaders.
Or you can use software vertex processing: D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING.
**************************************************************************************************/
#include "d3dUtility.h"
#pragma warning(disable : 4100)
#define MESH_TEAPOT 0
#define MESH_SPHERE 1
#define MESH_TORUS 2
#define MESH_CYLINDER 3
#define NUM_MESH 4
const int WIDTH = 640;
const int HEIGHT = 480;
IDirect3DDevice9* g_device;
ID3DXEffect* g_cartoon_effect;
IDirect3DTexture9* g_shader_texture;
ID3DXMesh* g_meshes[NUM_MESH];
D3DXMATRIX g_world_matrices[NUM_MESH];
D3DXVECTOR4 g_mesh_colors[NUM_MESH];
D3DXMATRIX g_proj_matrix;
D3DXHANDLE g_world_view_handle;
D3DXHANDLE g_world_view_proj_handle;
D3DXHANDLE g_color_handle;
D3DXHANDLE g_dir_to_light_handle;
D3DXHANDLE g_shader_texture_handle;
D3DXHANDLE g_cartoon_tech_handle;
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
bool setup()
{
D3DXCreateTeapot(g_device, &g_meshes[MESH_TEAPOT], NULL);
D3DXCreateSphere(g_device, 1.0f, 20, 20, &g_meshes[MESH_SPHERE], NULL);
D3DXCreateTorus(g_device, 0.5f, 1.0f, 20, 20, &g_meshes[MESH_TORUS], NULL);
D3DXCreateCylinder(g_device, 0.5f, 0.5f, 2.0f, 20, 20, &g_meshes[MESH_CYLINDER], NULL);
D3DXMatrixTranslation(&g_world_matrices[MESH_TEAPOT], 0.0f, 2.0f, 0.0f);
D3DXMatrixTranslation(&g_world_matrices[MESH_SPHERE], 0.0f, -2.0f, 0.0f);
D3DXMatrixTranslation(&g_world_matrices[MESH_TORUS], -3.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
D3DXMatrixTranslation(&g_world_matrices[MESH_CYLINDER], 3.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
g_mesh_colors[MESH_TEAPOT] = D3DXVECTOR4(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
g_mesh_colors[MESH_SPHERE] = D3DXVECTOR4(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
g_mesh_colors[MESH_TORUS] = D3DXVECTOR4(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
g_mesh_colors[MESH_CYLINDER] = D3DXVECTOR4(1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
// create effects
ID3DXBuffer* error_buffer;
HRESULT hr = D3DXCreateEffectFromFile(g_device, "CartoonShader.cxx", NULL, NULL,
D3DXSHADER_ENABLE_BACKWARDS_COMPATIBILITY, NULL, &g_cartoon_effect, &error_buffer);
// output any error messages
if(error_buffer)
{
MessageBox(NULL, (char*)error_buffer->GetBufferPointer(), "ERROR", MB_OK);
safe_release<ID3DXBuffer*>(error_buffer);
}
if(FAILED(hr))
{
MessageBox(NULL, "D3DXCreateEffectFromFile() - FAILED", "ERROR", MB_OK);
return false;
}
// save frequently accessed parameter handles
g_cartoon_tech_handle = g_cartoon_effect->GetTechniqueByName("CartoonTech");
g_shader_texture_handle = g_cartoon_effect->GetParameterByName(NULL, "g_shader_texture");
g_world_view_handle = g_cartoon_effect->GetParameterByName(NULL, "g_world_view");
g_world_view_proj_handle = g_cartoon_effect->GetParameterByName(NULL, "g_world_view_proj");
g_color_handle = g_cartoon_effect->GetParameterByName(NULL, "g_color");
g_dir_to_light_handle = g_cartoon_effect->GetParameterByName(NULL, "g_dir_to_light");
// projection
D3DXMatrixPerspectiveFovLH(&g_proj_matrix, D3DX_PI/4.0f, (float)WIDTH/HEIGHT, 1.0f, 1000.0f);
//
// set effect paramters
//
// light direction
D3DXVECTOR4 dir_to_light(-0.57f, 0.57f, -0.57f, 0.0f);
g_cartoon_effect->SetVector(g_dir_to_light_handle, &dir_to_light);
// set texture
IDirect3DTexture9* texture;
D3DXCreateTextureFromFile(g_device, "toonshade.bmp", &texture);
g_cartoon_effect->SetTexture(g_shader_texture_handle, texture);
safe_release<IDirect3DTexture9*>(texture);
//g_device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_FILLMODE, D3DFILL_WIREFRAME);
return true;
}
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void cleanup()
{
for(int i = 0; i < NUM_MESH; i++)
safe_release<ID3DXMesh*>(g_meshes[i]);
safe_release<IDirect3DTexture9*>(g_shader_texture);
safe_release<ID3DXEffect*>(g_cartoon_effect);
}
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
bool display(float time_delta)
{
static float angle = (3.0f * D3DX_PI) / 2.0f;
static float height = 5.0f;
if(GetAsyncKeyState(VK_LEFT) & 0x8000f)
angle -= 0.5f * time_delta;
if(GetAsyncKeyState(VK_RIGHT) & 0x8000f)
angle += 0.5f * time_delta;
if(GetAsyncKeyState(VK_UP) & 0x8000f)
height += 5.0f * time_delta;
if(GetAsyncKeyState(VK_DOWN) & 0x8000f)
height -= 5.0f * time_delta;
D3DXVECTOR3 position(cosf(angle) * 7.0f, height, sinf(angle) * 7.0f);
D3DXVECTOR3 target(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
D3DXVECTOR3 up(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
D3DXMATRIX view_matrix;
D3DXMatrixLookAtLH(&view_matrix, &position, &target, &up);
// activate the technique and render
g_device->Clear(0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET | D3DCLEAR_ZBUFFER, 0xFF333333, 1.0f, 0);
g_device->BeginScene();
g_cartoon_effect->SetTechnique(g_cartoon_tech_handle);
UINT num_passes;
g_cartoon_effect->Begin(&num_passes, 0);
D3DXMATRIX world_view, world_view_proj;
for(UINT i = 0; i < num_passes; i++)
{
g_cartoon_effect->BeginPass(i);
for(int j = 0; j < NUM_MESH; j++)
{
world_view = g_world_matrices[j] * view_matrix;
world_view_proj = g_world_matrices[j] * view_matrix * g_proj_matrix;
g_cartoon_effect->SetMatrix(g_world_view_handle, &world_view);
g_cartoon_effect->SetMatrix(g_world_view_proj_handle, &world_view_proj);
g_cartoon_effect->SetVector(g_color_handle, &g_mesh_colors[j]);
g_cartoon_effect->CommitChanges();
g_meshes[j]->DrawSubset(0);
}
g_cartoon_effect->EndPass();
}
g_cartoon_effect->End();
g_device->EndScene();
g_device->Present(NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
return true;
}
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
LRESULT CALLBACK wnd_proc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM word_param, LPARAM long_param)
{
switch(msg)
{
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
case WM_KEYDOWN:
if(word_param == VK_ESCAPE)
DestroyWindow(hwnd);
break;
}
return DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, word_param, long_param);
}
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE inst, HINSTANCE, PSTR cmd_line, int cmd_show)
{
if(! init_d3d(inst, WIDTH, HEIGHT, true, D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, &g_device))
{
MessageBox(NULL, "init_d3d() - failed.", 0, MB_OK);
return 0;
}
if(! setup())
{
MessageBox(NULL, "Steup() - failed.", 0, MB_OK);
return 0;
}
enter_msg_loop(display);
cleanup();
g_device->Release();
return 0;
}
程序截图:
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