小默
【转】ping.py
差点勾成Jiong的分类了,因为最近真的很囧
#
!/usr/bin/env python
#
-*- coding: iso-8859-1 -*-
"""
ping.py
ping.py uses the ICMP protocol's mandatory ECHO_REQUEST
datagram to elicit an ICMP ECHO_RESPONSE from a
host or gateway.
Copyright (C) 2004 - Lars Strand <lars strand at gnist org>;
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
Must be running as root, or write a suid-wrapper. Since newer *nix
variants, the kernel ignores the set[ug]id flags on #! scripts for
security reasons
RFC792, echo/reply message:
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type | Code | Checksum |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Identifier | Sequence Number |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Data
+-+-+-+-+-
TODO:
- do not create socket inside 'while' (but if not: ipv6 won't work)
- add support for broadcast/multicast
- add support for own payload string
CHANGELOG:
DONE -->; bugfix from Filip Van Raemdonck mechanix debian org
DONE -->; add more support for modules (raise instead of sys.exit)
DONE -->; locale func names
DONE -->; package def
DONE -->; some code cleanup
"""
import
sys
import
os
import
struct
import
array
import
time
import
select
import
binascii
import
math
import
getopt
import
string
import
socket
#
total size of data (payload)
ICMP_DATA_STR
=
56
#
initial values of header variables
ICMP_TYPE
=
8
ICMP_TYPE_IP6
=
128
ICMP_CODE
=
0
ICMP_CHECKSUM
=
0
ICMP_ID
=
0
ICMP_SEQ_NR
=
0
#
Package definitions.
__program__
=
'
ping
'
__version__
=
'
0.5a
'
__date__
=
'
2004/15/12
'
__author__
=
'
Lars Strand <lars at unik no>;
'
__licence__
=
'
GPL
'
__copyright__
=
'
Copyright (C) 2004 Lars Strand
'
def
_construct(id, size, ipv6):
"""
Constructs a ICMP echo packet of variable size
"""
#
size must be big enough to contain time sent
if
size
<
int(struct.calcsize(
"
d
"
)):
_error(
"
packetsize to small, must be at least %d
"
%
int(struct.calcsize(
"
d
"
)))
#
construct header
if
ipv6:
header
=
struct.pack(
'
BbHHh
'
, ICMP_TYPE_IP6, ICMP_CODE, ICMP_CHECKSUM, \
ICMP_ID, ICMP_SEQ_NR
+
id)
else
:
header
=
struct.pack(
'
bbHHh
'
, ICMP_TYPE, ICMP_CODE, ICMP_CHECKSUM, \
ICMP_ID, ICMP_SEQ_NR
+
id)
#
if size big enough, embed this payload
load
=
"
-- IF YOU ARE READING THIS YOU ARE A NERD! --
"
#
space for time
size
-=
struct.calcsize(
"
d
"
)
#
construct payload based on size, may be omitted :)
rest
=
""
if
size
>
len(load):
rest
=
load
size
-=
len(load)
#
pad the rest of payload
rest
+=
size
*
"
X
"
#
pack
data
=
struct.pack(
"
d
"
, time.time())
+
rest
packet
=
header
+
data
#
ping packet without checksum
checksum
=
_in_cksum(packet)
#
make checksum
#
construct header with correct checksum
if
ipv6:
header
=
struct.pack(
'
BbHHh
'
, ICMP_TYPE_IP6, ICMP_CODE, checksum, \
ICMP_ID, ICMP_SEQ_NR
+
id)
else
:
header
=
struct.pack(
'
bbHHh
'
, ICMP_TYPE, ICMP_CODE, checksum, ICMP_ID, \
ICMP_SEQ_NR
+
id)
#
ping packet *with* checksum
packet
=
header
+
data
#
a perfectly formatted ICMP echo packet
return
packet
def
_in_cksum(packet):
"""
THE RFC792 states: 'The 16 bit one's complement of
the one's complement sum of all 16 bit words in the header.'
Generates a checksum of a (ICMP) packet. Based on in_chksum found
in ping.c on FreeBSD.
"""
print
"
packet =
"
, packet
#
add byte if not dividable by 2
if
len(packet)
&
1
:
packet
=
packet
+
'
\0
'
print
"
packet = [after add byte]
"
, packet
#
split into 16-bit word and insert into a binary array
words
=
array.array(
'
h
'
, packet)
#
there's a big/little-endian issue
#
when analysis with wireshark
sum
=
0
print
"
words in packet array:
"
, words
#
perform ones complement arithmetic on 16-bit words
for
word
in
words:
print
"
process word:
"
, hex(word)
sum
+=
(word
&
0xffff
)
print
"
sum:
"
, hex(sum)
hi
=
sum
>>
16
print
"
hi:
"
, hex(hi)
lo
=
sum
&
0xffff
print
"
lo:
"
, hex(lo)
sum
=
hi
+
lo
#
one's complement
print
"
sum(=hi+lo):
"
, hex(sum)
sum
=
sum
+
(sum
>>
16
)
#
TODO: another one's complement, why we need this?
#
sum is at most 16 bit, so here do nothing.???
print
"
sum(=sum+(sum>>16)):
"
, hex(sum)
print
(
~
sum)
&
0xffff
#
TODO: the implement of one number is just ~ ?
return
(
~
sum)
&
0xffff
#
return ones complement
#
We know whether the host we will ping is alive before we call this function?
def
pingNode(alive
=
0, timeout
=
1.0
, ipv6
=
0, number
=
sys.maxint, node
=
None, \
flood
=
0, size
=
ICMP_DATA_STR):
"""
Pings a node based on input given to the function.
"""
#
if no node, exit
if
not
node:
_error(
""
)
#
if not a valid host, exit
if
ipv6:
if
socket.has_ipv6:
try
:
info, port
=
socket.getaddrinfo(node, None)
host
=
info[
4
][0]
#
do not print ipv6 twice if ipv6 address given as node
if
host
==
node:
noPrintIPv6adr
=
1
except
:
_error(
"
cannot resolve %s: Unknow host
"
%
node)
else
:
_error(
"
No support for IPv6 on this plattform
"
)
else
:
#
IPv4
try
:
host
=
socket.gethostbyname(node)
except
:
_error(
"
cannot resolve %s: Unknow host
"
%
node)
#
trying to ping a network?
#
TODO: if a ip is end with ".0", so it must be a network?
#
and why we cannot ping a network?
#
ICMP cannot broadcast?
if
not
ipv6:
if
int(string.split(host,
"
.
"
)[
-
1
])
==
0:
_error(
"
no support for network ping
"
)
#
do some sanity check
if
number
==
0:
_error(
"
invalid count of packets to transmit: '%s'
"
%
str(a))
if
alive:
#
TODO: what does alive mean?
number
=
1
#
Send the ping(s)
start
=
1
; mint
=
999
; maxt
=
0.0
; avg
=
0.0
lost
=
0; tsum
=
0.0
; tsumsq
=
0.0
#
tell the user what we do
if
not
alive:
if
ipv6:
#
do not print the ipv6 twice if ip adress given as node
#
(it can be to long in term window)
if
noPrintIPv6adr
==
1
:
#
add 40 (header) + 8 (icmp header) + payload
print
"
PING %s : %d data bytes (40+8+%d)
"
%
(str(node), \
40
+
8
+
size, size)
else
:
#
add 40 (header) + 8 (icmp header) + payload
print
"
PING %s (%s): %d data bytes (40+8+%d)
"
%
(str(node), \
str(host),
40
+
8
+
size, size)
else
:
#
add 20 (header) + 8 (icmp header) + payload
print
"
PING %s (%s): %d data bytes (20+8+%d)
"
%
(str(node), str(host), \
20
+
8
+
size, size)
#
trap ctrl-d and ctrl-c
try
:
#
send the number of ping packets as given
while
start
<=
number:
lost
+=
1
#
in case user hit ctrl-c
#
TODO: what does this mean?
#
create the IPv6/IPv4 socket
if
ipv6:
#
can not create a raw socket if not root or setuid to root
try
:
pingSocket
=
socket.socket(socket.AF_INET6, socket.SOCK_RAW, \
socket.getprotobyname(
"
ipv6-icmp
"
))
except
socket.error, e:
print
"
socket error: %s
"
%
e
_error(
"
You must be root (uses raw sockets)
"
%
os.path.basename(sys.argv[0]))
#
IPv4
else
:
#
can not create a raw socket if not root or setuid to root
try
:
pingSocket
=
socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_RAW, \
socket.getprotobyname(
"
icmp
"
))
except
socket.error, e:
print
"
socket error: %s
"
%
e
_error(
"
You must be root (%s uses raw sockets)
"
%
os.path.basename(sys.argv[0]))
packet
=
_construct(start, size, ipv6)
#
make a ping packet
#
send the ping
try
:
pingSocket.sendto(packet,(node,
1
))
except
socket.error, e:
_error(
"
socket error: %s
"
%
e)
#
reset values
pong
=
""
; iwtd
=
[]
#
wait until there is data in the socket
while
1
:
#
input, output, exceptional conditions
iwtd, owtd, ewtd
=
select.select([pingSocket], [], [], timeout)
break
#
no data and timout occurred
#
data on socket - this means we have an answer
if
iwtd:
#
ok, data on socket
endtime
=
time.time()
#
time packet received
#
read data (we only need the header)
pong, address
=
pingSocket.recvfrom(size
+
48
)
lost
-=
1
#
in case user hit ctrl-c
#
examine packet
#
fetch TTL from IP header
if
ipv6:
#
since IPv6 header and any extension header are never passed
#
to a raw socket, we can *not* get hoplimit field..
#
I hoped that a socket option would help, but it's not
#
supported:
#
pingSocket.setsockopt(IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT, 1)
#
so we can't fetch hoplimit..
#
fetch hoplimit
#
rawPongHop = struct.unpack("c", pong[7])[0]
#
fetch pong header
pongHeader
=
pong[0:
8
]
pongType, pongCode, pongChksum, pongID, pongSeqnr
=
\
struct.unpack(
"
bbHHh
"
, pongHeader)
#
fetch starttime from pong
starttime
=
struct.unpack(
"
d
"
, pong[
8
:
16
])[0]
#
IPv4
else
:
#
time to live
rawPongHop
=
struct.unpack(
"
s
"
, pong[
8
])[0]
#
convert TTL from 8 bit to 16 bit integer
pongHop
=
int(binascii.hexlify(str(rawPongHop)),
16
)
#
fetch pong header
pongHeader
=
pong[
20
:
28
]
pongType, pongCode, pongChksum, pongID, pongSeqnr
=
\
struct.unpack(
"
bbHHh
"
, pongHeader)
#
fetch starttime from pong
starttime
=
struct.unpack(
"
d
"
, pong[
28
:
36
])[0]
#
valid ping packet received?
if
not
pongSeqnr
==
start:
pong
=
None
#
NO data on socket - timeout waiting for answer
if
not
pong:
if
alive:
print
"
no reply from %s (%s)
"
%
(str(node), str(host))
else
:
print
"
ping timeout: %s (icmp_seq=%d)
"
%
(host, start)
#
do not wait if just sending one packet
if
number
!=
1
and
start
<
number:
time.sleep(flood
^
1
)
start
+=
1
continue
#
lost a packet - try again
triptime
=
endtime
-
starttime
#
compute RRT
tsum
+=
triptime
#
triptime for all packets (stddev)
tsumsq
+=
triptime
*
triptime
#
triptime^2 for all packets (stddev)
#
compute statistic
maxt
=
max ((triptime, maxt))
mint
=
min ((triptime, mint))
if
alive:
print
str(node)
+
"
(
"
+
str(host)
+
"
) is alive
"
else
:
if
ipv6:
#
size + 8 = payload + header
print
"
%d bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%d time=%.5f ms
"
%
\
(size
+
8
, host, pongSeqnr, triptime
*
1000
)
else
:
print
"
%d bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%d ttl=%s time=%.5f ms
"
%
\
(size
+
8
, host, pongSeqnr, pongHop, triptime
*
1000
)
#
do not wait if just sending one packet
if
number
!=
1
and
start
<
number:
#
if flood = 1; do not sleep - just ping
time.sleep(flood
^
1
)
#
wait before send new packet
#
the last thing to do is update the counter - else the value
#
(can) get wrong when computing summary at the end (if user
#
hit ctrl-c when pinging)
start
+=
1
#
end ping send/recv while
#
if user ctrl-d or ctrl-c
except
(EOFError, KeyboardInterrupt):
#
if user disrupts ping, it is most likly done before
#
the counter get updates - if do not update it here, the
#
summary get all wrong.
start
+=
1
pass
#
compute and print som stats
#
stddev computation based on ping.c from FreeBSD
if
start
!=
0
or
lost
>
0:
#
do not print stats if 0 packet sent
start
-=
1
#
since while is '<='
avg
=
tsum
/
start
#
avg round trip
vari
=
tsumsq
/
start
-
avg
*
avg
#
%-packet lost
if
start
==
lost:
plost
=
100
else
:
plost
=
(lost
/
start)
*
100
if
not
alive:
print
"
\n--- %s ping statistics ---
"
%
node
print
"
%d packets transmitted, %d packets received, %d%% packet loss
"
%
\
(start, start
-
lost, plost)
#
don't display summary if 100% packet-loss
if
plost
!=
100
:
print
"
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = %.3f/%.3f/%.3f/%.3f ms
"
%
\
(mint
*
1000
, (tsum
/
start)
*
1000
, maxt
*
1000
, math.sqrt(vari)
*
1000
)
pingSocket.close()
def
_error(err):
"""
Exit if running standalone, else raise an exception
"""
if
__name__
==
'
__main__
'
:
print
"
%s: %s
"
%
(os.path.basename(sys.argv[0]), str(err))
print
"
Try `%s --help' for more information.
"
%
os.path.basename(sys.argv[0])
sys.exit(
1
)
else
:
raise
Exception, str(err)
def
_usage():
"""
Print usage if run as a standalone program
"""
print
"""
usage: %s [OPTIONS] HOST
Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
-c, --count=N Stop after sending (and receiving) 'N' ECHO_RESPONSE
packets.
-s, --size=S Specify the number of data bytes to be sent. The default
is 56, which translates into 64 ICMP data bytes when
combined with the 8 bytes of ICMP header data.
-f, --flood Flood ping. Outputs packets as fast as they come back. Use
with caution!
-6, --ipv6 Ping using IPv6.
-t, --timeout=s Specify a timeout, in seconds, before a ping packet is
considered 'lost'.
-h, --help Display this help and exit
Report bugs to lars [at] gnist org
"""
%
os.path.basename(sys.argv[0])
if
__name__
==
'
__main__
'
:
"""
Main loop
"""
#
version control
version
=
string.split(string.split(sys.version)[0][:
3
],
"
.
"
)
if
map(int, version)
<
[
2
,
3
]:
_error(
"
You need Python ver 2.3 or higher to run!
"
)
try
:
#
opts = arguments recognized,
#
args = arguments NOT recognized (leftovers)
opts, args
=
getopt.getopt(sys.argv[
1
:
-
1
],
"
hat:6c:fs:
"
, \
[
"
help
"
,
"
alive
"
,
"
timeout=
"
,
"
ipv6
"
, \
"
count=
"
,
"
flood
"
,
"
packetsize=
"
])
except
getopt.GetoptError:
#
print help information and exit:
_error(
"
illegal option(s) --
"
+
str(sys.argv[
1
:]))
#
test whether any host given
if
len(sys.argv)
>=
2
:
node
=
sys.argv[
-
1
:][0]
#
host to be pinged
if
node[0]
==
'
-
'
or
node
==
'
-h
'
or
node
==
'
--help
'
:
_usage()
else
:
_error(
"
No arguments given
"
)
if
args:
_error(
"
illegal option -- %s
"
%
str(args))
#
default variables
alive
=
0; timeout
=
1.0
; ipv6
=
0; count
=
sys.maxint;
flood
=
0; size
=
ICMP_DATA_STR
#
run through arguments and set variables
for
o, a
in
opts:
if
o
==
"
-h
"
or
o
==
"
--help
"
:
#
display help and exit
_usage()
sys.exit(0)
if
o
==
"
-t
"
or
o
==
"
--timeout
"
:
#
timeout before "lost"
try
:
timeout
=
float(a)
except
:
_error(
"
invalid timout: '%s'
"
%
str(a))
if
o
==
"
-6
"
or
o
==
"
--ipv6
"
:
#
ping ipv6
ipv6
=
1
if
o
==
"
-c
"
or
o
==
"
--count
"
:
#
how many pings?
try
:
count
=
int(a)
except
:
_error(
"
invalid count of packets to transmit: '%s'
"
%
str(a))
if
o
==
"
-f
"
or
o
==
"
--flood
"
:
#
no delay between ping send
flood
=
1
if
o
==
"
-s
"
or
o
==
"
--packetsize
"
:
#
set the ping payload size
try
:
size
=
int(a)
except
:
_error(
"
invalid packet size: '%s'
"
%
str(a))
#
just send one packet and say "it's alive"
if
o
==
"
-a
"
or
o
==
"
--alive
"
:
alive
=
1
#
here we send
pingNode(alive
=
alive, timeout
=
timeout, ipv6
=
ipv6, number
=
count, \
node
=
node, flood
=
flood, size
=
size)
#
if we made it this far, do a clean exit
sys.exit(0)
#
## end
posted on 2010-10-25 22:16
小默
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1. re: django debug toolbar
其实,如果你访问不了谷歌,是用不了的,你还有修改一个地方
--berlin
2. re: 完美的 NSIS 安装脚本zz
路过留名。
--anopos
3. re: MFC - DECLARE_MESSAGE_MAP()
这个具体的有人回复吗?学习
--Stadium Series Hockey Jersey
4. re: MFC - #error include ’stdafx.h’ before including this file for PCH
学习了。O(∩_∩)O谢谢。。
--Stadium Series Hockey Jersey
5. re: Windows APC机制zzz
这么好的文章,才看到,惭愧
--zssure
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