JSON(JavaScript Object Notation)跟xml一样也是一种数据交换格式,了解json请参考其官网http://json.org,本文不再对json做介绍,将重点介绍c++的json解析库的使用方法。json官网上列出了各种语言对应的json解析库,作者仅介绍自己使用过的两种C++的json解析库:jsoncpp(v0.5.0)和Boost(v1.34.0)。
一. 使用jsoncpp解析json
Jsoncpp是个跨平台的开源库,首先从http://jsoncpp.sourceforge.net/上下载jsoncpp库源码,我下载的是v0.5.0,压缩包大约107K,解压,在jsoncpp-src-0.5.0/makefiles/vs71目录里找到jsoncpp.sln,用VS2003及以上版本编译,默认生成静态链接库。 在工程中引用,只需要include/json及.lib文件即可。
使用JsonCpp前先来熟悉几个主要的类:
Json::Value 可以表示里所有的类型,比如int,string,object,array等,具体应用将会在后边示例中介绍。
Json::Reader 将json文件流或字符串解析到Json::Value, 主要函数有Parse。
Json::Writer 与Json::Reader相反,将Json::Value转化成字符串流,注意它的两个子类:Json::FastWriter和Json::StyleWriter,分别输出不带格式的json和带格式的json。
1. 从字符串解析json
- int ParseJsonFromString()
- {
- const char* str = "{\"uploadid\": \"UP000000\",\"code\": 100,\"msg\": \"\",\"files\": \"\"}";
-
- Json::Reader reader;
- Json::Value root;
- if (reader.parse(str, root))
- {
- std::string upload_id = root["uploadid"].asString();
- int code = root["code"].asInt();
- }
- return 0;
- }
int ParseJsonFromString()
{
const char* str = "{\"uploadid\": \"UP000000\",\"code\": 100,\"msg\": \"\",\"files\": \"\"}";
Json::Reader reader;
Json::Value root;
if (reader.parse(str, root)) // reader将Json字符串解析到root,root将包含Json里所有子元素
{
std::string upload_id = root["uploadid"].asString(); // 访问节点,upload_id = "UP000000"
int code = root["code"].asInt(); // 访问节点,code = 100
}
return 0;
}
2. 从文件解析json
json文件内容:
- {
- "uploadid": "UP000000",
- "code": "0",
- "msg": "",
- "files":
- [
- {
- "code": "0",
- "msg": "",
- "filename": "1D_16-35_1.jpg",
- "filesize": "196690",
- "width": "1024",
- "height": "682",
- "images":
- [
- {
- "url": "fmn061/20111118",
- "type": "large",
- "width": "720",
- "height": "479"
- },
- {
- "url": "fmn061/20111118",
- "type": "main",
- "width": "200",
- "height": "133"
- }
- ]
- }
- ]
- }
{
"uploadid": "UP000000",
"code": "0",
"msg": "",
"files":
[
{
"code": "0",
"msg": "",
"filename": "1D_16-35_1.jpg",
"filesize": "196690",
"width": "1024",
"height": "682",
"images":
[
{
"url": "fmn061/20111118",
"type": "large",
"width": "720",
"height": "479"
},
{
"url": "fmn061/20111118",
"type": "main",
"width": "200",
"height": "133"
}
]
}
]
}
解析代码:
- int ParseJsonFromFile(const char* filename)
- {
-
- Json::Reader reader;
-
- Json::Value root;
-
- std::ifstream is;
- is.open (filename, std::ios::binary );
- if (reader.parse(is, root))
- {
- std::string code;
- if (!root["files"].isNull())
- code = root["uploadid"].asString();
-
-
- code = root.get("uploadid", "null").asString();
-
-
- int file_size = root["files"].size();
-
-
- for(int i = 0; i < file_size; ++i)
- {
- Json::Value val_image = root["files"][i]["images"];
- int image_size = val_image.size();
- for(int j = 0; j < image_size; ++j)
- {
- std::string type = val_image[j]["type"].asString();
- std::string url = val_image[j]["url"].asString();
- }
- }
- }
- is.close();
- return 0;
- }
int ParseJsonFromFile(const char* filename)
{
// 解析json用Json::Reader
Json::Reader reader;
// Json::Value是一种很重要的类型,可以代表任意类型。如int, string, object, array...
Json::Value root;
std::ifstream is;
is.open (filename, std::ios::binary );
if (reader.parse(is, root))
{
std::string code;
if (!root["files"].isNull()) // 访问节点,Access an object value by name, create a null member if it does not exist.
code = root["uploadid"].asString();
// 访问节点,Return the member named key if it exist, defaultValue otherwise.
code = root.get("uploadid", "null").asString();
// 得到"files"的数组个数
int file_size = root["files"].size();
// 遍历数组
for(int i = 0; i < file_size; ++i)
{
Json::Value val_image = root["files"][i]["images"];
int image_size = val_image.size();
for(int j = 0; j < image_size; ++j)
{
std::string type = val_image[j]["type"].asString();
std::string url = val_image[j]["url"].asString();
}
}
}
is.close();
return 0;
}
3. 在json结构中插入json
- Json::Value arrayObj;
- Json::Value new_item, new_item1;
- new_item["date"] = "2011-12-28";
- new_item1["time"] = "22:30:36";
- arrayObj.append(new_item);
- arrayObj.append(new_item1);
- int file_size = root["files"].size();
- for(int i = 0; i < file_size; ++i)
- root["files"][i]["exifs"] = arrayObj;
Json::Value arrayObj; // 构建对象
Json::Value new_item, new_item1;
new_item["date"] = "2011-12-28";
new_item1["time"] = "22:30:36";
arrayObj.append(new_item); // 插入数组成员
arrayObj.append(new_item1); // 插入数组成员
int file_size = root["files"].size();
for(int i = 0; i < file_size; ++i)
root["files"][i]["exifs"] = arrayObj; // 插入原json中
4. 输出json
-
- std::string out = root.toStyledString();
-
- Json::FastWriter writer;
- std::string out2 = writer.write(root);
// 转换为字符串(带格式)
std::string out = root.toStyledString();
// 输出无格式json字符串
Json::FastWriter writer;
std::string out2 = writer.write(root);
二. 使用Boost property_tree解析json
property_tree可以解析xml,json,ini,info等格式的数据,用property_tree解析这几种格式使用方法很相似。
解析json很简单,命名空间为boost::property_tree,reson_json函数将文件流、字符串解析到ptree,write_json将ptree输出为字符串或文件流。其余的都是对ptree的操作。
解析json需要加头文件:
#include <boost/property_tree/ptree.hpp>
#include <boost/property_tree/json_parser.hpp>
1. 解析json
解析一段下面的数据:
- {
- "code": 0,
- "images":
- [
- {
- "url": "fmn057/20111221/1130/head_kJoO_05d9000251de125c.jpg"
- },
- {
- "url": "fmn057/20111221/1130/original_kJoO_05d9000251de125c.jpg"
- }
- ]
- }
{
"code": 0,
"images":
[
{
"url": "fmn057/20111221/1130/head_kJoO_05d9000251de125c.jpg"
},
{
"url": "fmn057/20111221/1130/original_kJoO_05d9000251de125c.jpg"
}
]
}
- int ParseJson()
- {
- std::string str = "{\"code\":0,\"images\":[{\"url\":\"fmn057/20111221/1130/head_kJoO_05d9000251de125c.jpg\"},{\"url\":\"fmn057/20111221/1130/original_kJoO_05d9000251de125c.jpg\"}]}";
- using namespace boost::property_tree;
-
- std::stringstream ss(str);
- ptree pt;
- try{
- read_json(ss, pt);
- }
- catch(ptree_error & e) {
- return 1;
- }
-
- try{
- int code = pt.get<int>("code");
- ptree image_array = pt.get_child("images");
-
-
- BOOST_FOREACH(boost::property_tree::ptree::value_type &v, image_array)
- {
- std::stringstream s;
- write_json(s, v.second);
- std::string image_item = s.str();
- }
- }
- catch (ptree_error & e)
- {
- return 2;
- }
- return 0;
- }
int ParseJson()
{
std::string str = "{\"code\":0,\"images\":[{\"url\":\"fmn057/20111221/1130/head_kJoO_05d9000251de125c.jpg\"},{\"url\":\"fmn057/20111221/1130/original_kJoO_05d9000251de125c.jpg\"}]}";
using namespace boost::property_tree;
std::stringstream ss(str);
ptree pt;
try{
read_json(ss, pt);
}
catch(ptree_error & e) {
return 1;
}
try{
int code = pt.get<int>("code"); // 得到"code"的value
ptree image_array = pt.get_child("images"); // get_child得到数组对象
// 遍历数组
BOOST_FOREACH(boost::property_tree::ptree::value_type &v, image_array)
{
std::stringstream s;
write_json(s, v.second);
std::string image_item = s.str();
}
}
catch (ptree_error & e)
{
return 2;
}
return 0;
}
2. 构造json
- int InsertJson()
- {
- std::string str = "{\"code\":0,\"images\":[{\"url\":\"fmn057/20111221/1130/head_kJoO_05d9000251de125c.jpg\"},{\"url\":\"fmn057/20111221/1130/original_kJoO_05d9000251de125c.jpg\"}]}";
- using namespace boost::property_tree;
-
- std::stringstream ss(str);
- ptree pt;
- try{
- read_json(ss, pt);
- }
- catch(ptree_error & e) {
- return 1;
- }
-
-
- pt.put("upid", "00001");
-
-
- ptree exif_array;
- ptree array1, array2, array3;
- array1.put("Make", "NIKON");
- array2.put("DateTime", "2011:05:31 06:47:09");
- array3.put("Software", "Ver.1.01");
- exif_array.push_back(std::make_pair("", array1));
- exif_array.push_back(std::make_pair("", array2));
- exif_array.push_back(std::make_pair("", array3));
-
-
-
-
-
- pt.put_child("exifs", exif_array);
- std::stringstream s2;
- write_json(s2, pt);
- std::string outstr = s2.str();
-
- return 0;
- }
int InsertJson()
{
std::string str = "{\"code\":0,\"images\":[{\"url\":\"fmn057/20111221/1130/head_kJoO_05d9000251de125c.jpg\"},{\"url\":\"fmn057/20111221/1130/original_kJoO_05d9000251de125c.jpg\"}]}";
using namespace boost::property_tree;
std::stringstream ss(str);
ptree pt;
try{
read_json(ss, pt);
}
catch(ptree_error & e) {
return 1;
}
// 修改/增加一个key-value,key不存在则增加
pt.put("upid", "00001");
// 插入一个数组
ptree exif_array;
ptree array1, array2, array3;
array1.put("Make", "NIKON");
array2.put("DateTime", "2011:05:31 06:47:09");
array3.put("Software", "Ver.1.01");
exif_array.push_back(std::make_pair("", array1));
exif_array.push_back(std::make_pair("", array2));
exif_array.push_back(std::make_pair("", array3));
// exif_array.push_back(std::make_pair("Make", "NIKON"));
// exif_array.push_back(std::make_pair("DateTime", "2011:05:31 06:47:09"));
// exif_array.push_back(std::make_pair("Software", "Ver.1.01"));
pt.put_child("exifs", exif_array);
std::stringstream s2;
write_json(s2, pt);
std::string outstr = s2.str();
return 0;
}
三. 两种解析库的使用经验
1. 用boost::property_tree解析字符串遇到"\/"时解析失败,而jsoncpp可以解析成功,要知道'/'前面加一个'\'是JSON标准格式。
2. boost::property_tree的read_json和write_json在多线程中使用会引起崩溃。
针对1,可以在使用boost::property_tree解析前写个函数去掉"\/"中的'\',针对2,在多线程中同步一下可以解决。
我的使用心得:使用boost::property_tree不仅可以解析json,还可以解析xml,info等格式的数据。对于解析json,使用boost::property_tree解析还可以忍受,但解析xml,由于遇到问题太多只能换其它库了。
posted on 2013-03-22 13:53
聂文龙 阅读(1021)
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