下图是典型的UDP客户端/服务器通讯过程。
以下是简单的UDP服务器和客户端程序。
/**//* server.c */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include "wrap.h"
#define MAXLINE 80
#define SERV_PORT 8000
int main(void)
{
struct sockaddr_in servaddr, cliaddr;
socklen_t cliaddr_len;
int sockfd;
char buf[MAXLINE];
char str[INET_ADDRSTRLEN];
int i, n;
sockfd = Socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
bzero(&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));
servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
servaddr.sin_port = htons(SERV_PORT);
Bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));
printf("Accepting connections \n");
while (1) {
cliaddr_len = sizeof(cliaddr);
n = recvfrom(sockfd, buf, MAXLINE, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&cliaddr, &cliaddr_len);
if (n == -1)
perr_exit("recvfrom error");
printf("received from %s at PORT %d\n",
inet_ntop(AF_INET, &cliaddr.sin_addr, str, sizeof(str)),
ntohs(cliaddr.sin_port));
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
buf[i] = toupper(buf[i]);
n = sendto(sockfd, buf, n, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&cliaddr, sizeof(cliaddr));
if (n == -1)
perr_exit("sendto error");
}
}
/**//* client.c */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include "wrap.h"
#define MAXLINE 80
#define SERV_PORT 8000
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
int sockfd, n;
char buf[MAXLINE];
char str[INET_ADDRSTRLEN];
socklen_t servaddr_len;
sockfd = Socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
bzero(&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));
servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
inet_pton(AF_INET, "127.0.0.1", &servaddr.sin_addr);
servaddr.sin_port = htons(SERV_PORT);
while (fgets(buf, MAXLINE, stdin) != NULL) {
n = sendto(sockfd, buf, strlen(buf), 0, (struct sockaddr *)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));
if (n == -1)
perr_exit("sendto error");
n = recvfrom(sockfd, buf, MAXLINE, 0, NULL, 0);
if (n == -1)
perr_exit("recvfrom error");
Write(STDOUT_FILENO, buf, n);
}
Close(sockfd);
return 0;
}
由于UDP不需要维护连接，程序逻辑简单了很多，但是UDP协议是不可靠的，实际上有很多保证通讯可靠性的机制需要在应用层实现。
编译运行server，在两个终端里各开一个client与server交互，看看server是否具有并发服务的能力。用Ctrl+C关闭server，然后再运行server，看此时client还能否和server联系上。和前面TCP程序的运行结果相比较，体会无连接的含义。