佳为好友

I'm a fan of the !$, !^ and !* expandos, returning, from the most recent submitted command line: the last item, first non-command item, and all non-command items. To wit (Note that the shell prints out the command first):

$ echo foo bar baz

foo bar baz

$ echo bang-dollar: !$ bang-hat: !^ bang-star: !*

echo bang-dollar: baz bang-hat: foo bang-star: foo bar baz

bang-dollar: baz bang-hat: foo bang-star: foo bar baz

This comes in handy when you, say ls filea fileb, and want to edit one of them: vi !$ or both of them: vimdiff !*. It can also be generalized to "the nth argument" like so:

$ echo foo bar baz

$ echo !:2

echo bar

bar

Finally, with pathnames, you can get at parts of the path by appending :h and :t to any of the above expandos:

$ ls /usr/bin/id

/usr/bin/id

$ echo Head: !$:h  Tail: !$:t

echo Head: /usr/bin Tail: id

Head: /usr/bin Tail: id