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一、通用的编译c、c++单工程makefile模板。
1、MY_LIBS是添加静态库选项
2、MY_CFLAGS一般添加include文件路径，这个路径被用在了c和c++文件编译时，对c和c++都有效；如果想分开控制，请定义两个类似的变量
3、PROGRAM是最终生成的文件名，默认的是文件夹名字，也可自己指定
4、如果一个项目有多个工程，在顶层执行这个文件，会导致进入这个文件夹两次，第一次产生.d依赖文件，由于此时.o文件尚未生成，所以什么也没做，
第二次进入这个目录，会生成o文件，最终连接成可执行文件。.d(depend)依赖文件；如果以后在编译时，请不要删除这些.d文件，以后有了改动，
比如更改了.h文件中的宏变量，则此时可根据.depend中的依赖关系只生成对应的.o文件了。总之，.d文件可要可不要。默认的，*.d依赖文件不删除。
不需要d文件，将sinclude $(DEPS)注释掉即可
5、如果源文件在别的目录，请设置VPATH
1 #############################################################
2# Generic Makefile for C/C++ Program
3#
4# License: GPL (General Public License)
5# Author: whyglinux <whyglinux AT gmail DOT com>
6# Date: 2006/03/04 (version 0.1)
7# 2007/03/24 (version 0.2)
8# 2007/04/09 (version 0.3)
9# 2007/06/26 (version 0.4)
10# 2008/04/05 (version 0.5)
11#
12# Description:
13# ------------
14# This is an easily customizable makefile template. The purpose is to
15# provide an instant building environment for C/C++ programs.
16#
17# It searches all the C/C++ source files in the specified directories,
18# makes dependencies, compiles and links to form an executable.
19#
20# Besides its default ability to build C/C++ programs which use only
21# standard C/C++ libraries, you can customize the Makefile to build
22# those using other libraries. Once done, without any changes you can
23# then build programs using the same or less libraries, even if source
24# files are renamed, added or removed. Therefore, it is particularly
25# convenient to use it to build codes for experimental or study use.
26#
27# GNU make is expected to use the Makefile. Other versions of makes
28# may or may not work.
29#
30# Usage:
31# ------
32# 1. Copy the Makefile to your program directory.
33# 2. Customize in the "Customizable Section" only if necessary:
34# * to use non-standard C/C++ libraries, set pre-processor or compiler
35# options to <MY_CFLAGS> and linker ones to <MY_LIBS>
36# (See Makefile.gtk+-2.0 for an example)
37# * to search sources in more directories, set to <SRCDIRS>
38# * to specify your favorite program name, set to <PROGRAM>
39# 3. Type make to start building your program.
40#
41# Make Target:
42# ------------
43# The Makefile provides the following targets to make:
44# $ make compile and link
45# $ make NODEP=yes compile and link without generating dependencies
46# $ make objs compile only (no linking)
47# $ make tags create tags for Emacs editor
48# $ make ctags create ctags for VI editor
49# $ make clean clean objects and the executable file
50# $ make distclean clean objects, the executable and dependencies
51# $ make help get the usage of the makefile
52#
53#===========================================================================
54
55## Customizable Section: adapt those variables to suit your program.
56##==========================================================================
57
58# The pre-processor and compiler options.
59MY_CFLAGS =
60
61# The linker options.
62MY_LIBS =
63
64# The pre-processor options used by the cpp (man cpp for more).
65CPPFLAGS = -Wall
66
67# The options used in linking as well as in any direct use of ld.
68LDFLAGS =
69
70# The directories in which source files reside.
71# If not specified, only the current directory will be serached.
72SRCDIRS =
73
74# The executable file name.
75# If not specified, current directory name or `a.out' will be used.
76PROGRAM =
77
78## Implicit Section: change the following only when necessary.
79##==========================================================================
80
81# The source file types (headers excluded).
82# .c indicates C source files, and others C++ ones.
83SRCEXTS = .c .C .cc .cpp .CPP .c++ .cxx .cp
84
85# The header file types.
86HDREXTS = .h .H .hh .hpp .HPP .h++ .hxx .hp
87
88# The pre-processor and compiler options.
89# Users can override those variables from the command line.
90CFLAGS = -g -O2
91CXXFLAGS= -g -O2
92
93# The C program compiler.
94#CC = gcc
95
96# The C++ program compiler.
97#CXX = g++
98
99# Un-comment the following line to compile C programs as C++ ones.
100#CC = $(CXX)
101
102# The command used to delete file.
103#RM = rm -f
104
105ETAGS = etags
106ETAGSFLAGS =
107
108CTAGS = ctags
109CTAGSFLAGS =
110
111## Stable Section: usually no need to be changed. But you can add more.
112##==========================================================================
113SHELL = /bin/sh
114EMPTY =
115SPACE = $(EMPTY) $(EMPTY)
116ifeq ($(PROGRAM),)
117 CUR_PATH_NAMES = $(subst /,$(SPACE),$(subst $(SPACE),_,$(CURDIR)))
118 PROGRAM = $(word $(words $(CUR_PATH_NAMES)),$(CUR_PATH_NAMES))
119 ifeq ($(PROGRAM),)
120 PROGRAM = a.out
121 endif
122endif
123ifeq ($(SRCDIRS),)
124 SRCDIRS = .
125endif
126  SOURCES = $(foreach d,$(SRCDIRS),$(wildcard $(addprefix $(d)/**//*,$(SRCEXTS))))
127 HEADERS = $(foreach d,$(SRCDIRS),$(wildcard $(addprefix $(d)/*,$(HDREXTS))))
128SRC_CXX = $(filter-out %.c,$(SOURCES))
129OBJS = $(addsuffix .o, $(basename $(SOURCES)))
130DEPS = $(OBJS:.o=.d)
131
132## Define some useful variables.
133DEP_OPT = $(shell if `$(CC) --version | grep "GCC" >/dev/null`; then \
134 echo "-MM -MP"; else echo "-M"; fi )
135DEPEND = $(CC) $(DEP_OPT) $(MY_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS)
136DEPEND.d = $(subst -g ,,$(DEPEND))
137COMPILE.c = $(CC) $(MY_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) -c
138COMPILE.cxx = $(CXX) $(MY_CFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) -c
139LINK.c = $(CC) $(MY_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS)
140LINK.cxx = $(CXX) $(MY_CFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS)
141
142.PHONY: all objs tags ctags clean distclean help show
143
144# Delete the default suffixes
145.SUFFIXES:
146
147all: $(PROGRAM)
148
149# Rules for creating dependency files (.d).
150#------------------------------------------
151
152%.d:%.c
153 @echo -n $(dir $<) > $@
154 @$(DEPEND.d) $< >> $@
155
156%.d:%.C
157 @echo -n $(dir $<) > $@
158 @$(DEPEND.d) $< >> $@
159
160%.d:%.cc
161 @echo -n $(dir $<) > $@
162 @$(DEPEND.d) $< >> $@
163
164%.d:%.cpp
165 @echo -n $(dir $<) > $@
166 @$(DEPEND.d) $< >> $@
167
168%.d:%.CPP
169 @echo -n $(dir $<) > $@
170 @$(DEPEND.d) $< >> $@
171
172%.d:%.c++
173 @echo -n $(dir $<) > $@
174 @$(DEPEND.d) $< >> $@
175
176%.d:%.cp
177 @echo -n $(dir $<) > $@
178 @$(DEPEND.d) $< >> $@
179
180%.d:%.cxx
181 @echo -n $(dir $<) > $@
182 @$(DEPEND.d) $< >> $@
183
184# Rules for generating object files (.o).
185#----------------------------------------
186objs:$(OBJS)
187
188%.o:%.c
189 $(COMPILE.c) $< -o $@
190
191%.o:%.C
192 $(COMPILE.cxx) $< -o $@
193
194%.o:%.cc
195 $(COMPILE.cxx) $< -o $@
196
197%.o:%.cpp
198 $(COMPILE.cxx) $< -o $@
199
200%.o:%.CPP
201 $(COMPILE.cxx) $< -o $@
202
203%.o:%.c++
204 $(COMPILE.cxx) $< -o $@
205
206%.o:%.cp
207 $(COMPILE.cxx) $< -o $@
208
209%.o:%.cxx
210 $(COMPILE.cxx) $< -o $@
211
212# Rules for generating the tags.
213#-------------------------------------
214tags: $(HEADERS) $(SOURCES)
215 $(ETAGS) $(ETAGSFLAGS) $(HEADERS) $(SOURCES)
216
217ctags: $(HEADERS) $(SOURCES)
218 $(CTAGS) $(CTAGSFLAGS) $(HEADERS) $(SOURCES)
219
220# Rules for generating the executable.
221#-------------------------------------
222$(PROGRAM):$(OBJS)
223ifeq ($(SRC_CXX),) # C program
224 $(LINK.c) $(OBJS) $(MY_LIBS) -o $@
225 @echo Type ./$@ to execute the program.
226else # C++ program
227 $(LINK.cxx) $(OBJS) $(MY_LIBS) -o $@
228 @echo Type ./$@ to execute the program.
229endif
230
231ifndef NODEP
232ifneq ($(DEPS),)
233 sinclude $(DEPS)
234endif
235endif
236
237clean:
238 $(RM) $(OBJS) $(PROGRAM) $(PROGRAM).exe
239
240distclean: clean
241 $(RM) $(DEPS) TAGS
242
243# Show help.
244help:
245 @echo 'Generic Makefile for C/C++ Programs (gcmakefile) version 0.5'
246 @echo 'Copyright (C) 2007, 2008 whyglinux <whyglinux@hotmail.com>'
247 @echo
248 @echo 'Usage: make [TARGET]'
249 @echo 'TARGETS:'
250 @echo ' all (=make) compile and link.'
251 @echo ' NODEP=yes make without generating dependencies.'
252 @echo ' objs compile only (no linking).'
253 @echo ' tags create tags for Emacs editor.'
254 @echo ' ctags create ctags for VI editor.'
255 @echo ' clean clean objects and the executable file.'
256 @echo ' distclean clean objects, the executable and dependencies.'
257 @echo ' show show variables (for debug use only).'
258 @echo ' help print this message.'
259 @echo
260 @echo 'Report bugs to <whyglinux AT gmail DOT com>.'
261
262# Show variables (for debug use only.)
263show:
264 @echo 'PROGRAM :' $(PROGRAM)
265 @echo 'SRCDIRS :' $(SRCDIRS)
266 @echo 'HEADERS :' $(HEADERS)
267 @echo 'SOURCES :' $(SOURCES)
268 @echo 'SRC_CXX :' $(SRC_CXX)
269 @echo 'OBJS :' $(OBJS)
270 @echo 'DEPS :' $(DEPS)
271 @echo 'DEPEND :' $(DEPEND)
272 @echo 'COMPILE.c :' $(COMPILE.c)
273 @echo 'COMPILE.cxx :' $(COMPILE.cxx)
274 @echo 'link.c :' $(LINK.c)
275 @echo 'link.cxx :' $(LINK.cxx)
276
277## End of the Makefile ## Suggestions are welcome ## All rights reserved ##
278##############################################################
279
280
二、多项目工程(顶层)makefile模板：这里采用遍历子文件夹，在有Makefile文件的文件夹下执行make命令
1、make ver=$(ver)这里是版本控制，比如make ver=r就是release版本，默认是debug，
版本控制也需要在子项目的Makefile文件中体现，这是由用户自己定义控制
2、make默认是打开w，输出运行makefile之前和之后的信息，可以用--no-print-directory禁止输出这个trace信息
例如：如果采用上面的c、c++工程makefile模板，屏幕会打印进出文件夹的信息，通过这选项可以禁止输出这些信息。
3、这里检测的是各个文件夹下的Makefile文件是否存在，也可以检测其他文件。
1# Top Makefile
2DIR = /software/project #也可以DIR：= `ls .`
3MODULES = $(shell ls $(DIR)) #也可以MODULES：=`pwd`
4
5all : $(MODULES)
6 @for subdir in $(MODULES); \
7 do \
8 if test -f $(DIR)/$$subdir/Makefile;then\
9 cd $(DIR)/$$subdir;\
10 make ver=$(ver) ;\
11 cd $(DIR);\
12 fi;\
13done
14
15clean :
16 @for subdir in $(MODULES); \
17do \
18 if test -f $(DIR)/$$subdir/Makefile;then\
19 cd $(DIR)/$$subdir;\
20 make --no-print-directory clean ver=$(ver) ;\
21 cd $(DIR);\
22 fi;\
23done
24
25tags:
26 ctags -R
27
28
29.PHONY : all clean distclean tags help
30
31
三、多项目工程(顶层)makefile模板，采用路径来表示，不用再检测是否有makefile文件;这边版本可以灵活的添加
1# Top Makefile for C program
2
3all :
4 #version control.default is debug
5
6 $(MAKE) ver=$(ver) -C /home/project/baseframe
7 $(MAKE) ver=$(ver) -C /home/project/logic
8 $(MAKE) ver=$(ver) -C /home/project/login
9 $(MAKE) ver=$(ver) -C /home/project/db
10tags:
11 ctags -R
12
13help:
14 @echo "=====================A common Makefilefor c programs===================="
15 @echo "Copyright (C) 2014"
16 @echo "The following targets aresupport:"
17 @echo
18 @echo " all - (==make) compile and link"
19 @echo " obj - just compile, withoutlink"
20 @echo " clean - clean target"
21 @echo " distclean - clean target and otherinformation"
22 @echo " tags - create ctags for vimeditor"
23 @echo " help - print help information"
24 @echo
25 @echo "To make a target, do 'make[target]'"
26 @echo "========================= Version2.0 ==================================="
27
28clean :
29
30 $(MAKE) ver=$(ver) -C /home/project/baseframe clean
31 $(MAKE) ver=$(ver) -C /home/project/logic clean
32 $(MAKE) ver=$(ver) -C /home/project/Login clean
33 $(MAKE) ver=$(ver) -C /home/project/db clean
34
35distclean:
36 $(MAKE) -C /home/project/baseframe distclean
37 $(MAKE) -C /home/project/logic distclean
38 $(MAKE) -C /home/project/Login distclean
39 $(MAKE) -C /home/project/db distclean
40
41
42.PHONY : all clean distclean tags help
43
四、通用的c、c++混合编译模板
1#
2# c.cpp混合编译的makefile模板
3#
4#
5
6BIN = liblua.so
7CC = gcc
8CPP = g++
9#系统库的包含路径、库列表
10INCS =
11LIBS =
12SUBDIRS =
13
14#源文件包含路径、库列表
15SOURCEINC =
16#
17#
18#maintest.c tree/rbtree.c 多了子目录，那就直接添加 目录/**//*.c即可 所有的源文件-- .c文件列表
19CSRCS = $(wildcard ./*.c )
20CPPSRCS = $(wildcard ./*.cpp)
21
22#
23#
24#所有的.o文件列表
25COBJS := $(CSRCS:.c=.o)
26CPPOBJS := $(CPPSRCS:.cpp=.o)
27#
28#生成依赖信息 -MM是只生成自己的头文件信息，-M 包含了标准库头文件信息。
29#-MT 或 -MQ都可以改变生成的依赖 xxx.o:src/xxx.h 为 src/xxx.o:src/xxx.h 当然。前面的 src/xxx.o需自己指定
30#格式为 -MM 输入.c或.cpp 查找依赖路径 -MT或-MQ 生成规则，比如src/xxx.o
31MAKEDEPEND = gcc -MM -MT
32CFLAGS =
33CPPFLAGS =
34
35#-g 生成调试信息
36#-pedantic参数与-ansi一起使用 会自动拒绝编译非ANSI程序
37#-fomit-frame-pointer 去除函数框架
38#-Wmissing-prototypes -Wstrict-prototypes 检查函数原型
39#针对每个.c文件的.d依赖文件列表
40CDEF = $(CSRCS:.c=.d)
41CPPDEF = $(CPPSRCS:.cpp=.d)
42
43PLATS = win32-debug win32-release linux-debug linux-release
44none:
45 @echo "Please choose a platform:"
46 @echo " $(PLATS)"
47
48win32-debug:
49 $(MAKE) all INCS=-I"c:/mingw/include" LIBS=-L"c:/mingw/lib" CFLAGS="-Wall -DWIN32 -DDEBUG -g" CPPFLAGS="-Wall -DWIN32 -DDEBUG -g"
50
51win32-release:
52 $(MAKE) all INCS=-I"c:/mingw/include" LIBS=-L"c:/mingw/lib" CFLAGS="-Wall -DWIN32 -DNDEBUG -O2" CPPFLAGS="-Wall -DWIN32 -DNDEBUG -O2"
53
54linux-debug:
55 $(MAKE) all INCS=-I"/usr/include" LIBS=-L"/usr/lib" CFLAGS="-fPIC -Wall -DDEBUG -g" CPPFLAGS="-fPIC -Wall -DDEBUG -g" -lpthread
56
57linux-release:
58 $(MAKE) all INCS=-I"/usr/include" LIBS=-L"/usr/lib" CFLAGS="-fPIC -Wall -DNDEBUG -O2" CPPFLAGS="-fPIC -Wall -DNDEBUG -O2" -lpthread
59
60all:$(BIN)
61
62#$(OBJS):%.o :%.c 先用$(OBJS)中的一项，比如foo.o: %.o : %.c 含义为:试着用%.o匹配foo.o。如果成功%就等于foo。如果不成功，
63# Make就会警告，然后。给foo.o添加依赖文件foo.c(用foo替换了%.c里的%)
64# 也可以不要下面的这个生成规则，因为下面的 include $(DEF) 就隐含了。此处为了明了，易懂。故留着
65$(COBJS) : %.o: %.c
66 $(CC) -c $< -o $@ $(INCS) $(SOURCEINC) $(CFLAGS)
67$(CPPOBJS) : %.o: %.cpp
68 $(CPP) -c $< -o $@ $(INCS) $(SOURCEINC) $(CPPFLAGS)
69
70# $@--目标文件，$^--所有的依赖文件，$<--第一个依赖文件。每次$< $@ 代表的值就是列表中的
71#
72
73####################################
74#最终链接目标是.a(静态库)
75$(BIN) : $(COBJS) $(CPPOBJS)
76 ar r $@ $(COBJS) $(CPPOBJS) $(LIBS)
77 ranlib $(BIN)
78 -rm $(COBJS) $(CPPOBJS)
79
80####################################
81#如果不加-fPIC,则加载.so文件的代码段时,造成每个使用这个.so文件代码段的进程在内核里都会生成这个.so文件代码段的copy.每个copy都不一样,取决于 这个.so文件代码段和数据段内存映射的位置.
82#使用-fPIC，则产生的代码中，没有绝对地址，全部使用相对地址，故而代码可以被加载器加载到内存的任意位置，都可以正确的执行
83#最终连接目标是.so(动态库)
84#$(BIN) : $(COBJS) $(CPPOBJS)
85#-shared -fPIC-o $(BIN) $(COBJS) $(CPPOBJS) $(LIBS)
86#-rm $(COBJS) $(CPPOBJS)
87
88####################################
89#最终链接目标是可执行文件
90$(BIN) : $(COBJS) $(CPPOBJS)
91 $(CPP) -o $(BIN) $(COBJS) $(CPPOBJS) $(LIBS)
92 -rm $(COBJS) $(CPPOBJS)
93# 链接为最终目标
94
95
96#引入了.o文件对.c和.h的依赖情况。以后.h被修改也会重新生成，可看看.d文件内容即知道为何
97#引入了依赖就相当于引入了一系列的规则，因为依赖内容例如： 目录/xxx.o:目录/xxx.c 目录/xxx.h 也相当于隐含的引入了生成规则
98#故上面不能在出现如： $(OBJS) : $(DEF)之类。切记
99#include $(CDEF) $(CPPDEF)
100.PHONY:clean cleanall
101
102#清除所有目标文件以及生成的最终目标文件
103clean:
104 -rm $(BIN) $(COBJS) $(CPPOBJS)
105#rm *.d
106cleanall:
107 -rm $(BIN) $(COBJS) $(CPPOBJS)
108
109五、简单makefile模板：只有一个.o文件
110#/***
111#
112#Copyright 2006 bsmith@qq.com
113#
114#Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
115#you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
116#You may obtain a copy of the License at
117#
118# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
119#
120#Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
121#distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
122#WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
123#See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
124#limitations under the License.
125#
126 #*/
127
128# ============project================
129PROJECT = db
130AUTHOR = bsmith
131HOME = .
132# =================================
133
134# ==============bin===================
135TARGET = ../bin/db_d
136# ===================================
137
138# ========================================
139# ===========这里可以作为工程的include文件夹，所有的头文件都可以放到这里===#
140IFLAGS = -I"../common/luainclude/" -I"../common/net/" -I"../common/base/" -I"../common/tool/" -I"../common/" -I"../common/tool/mysql/" -I"../common/luainclude/LuaBridge" -I"../common/luainclude/LuaBridge/detail" -I"../common/Act/" -I"../common/luainclude/LLua"
141# ===============config====================
142CC = g++
143CFLAGS = -w -ldl -lrt -Wno-deprecated-declarations
144LFLAGS = ../common/lib/liblxnet.a ../common/lib/libxml.a ../common/lib/libbaseframe.a ../common/lib/libjemalloc.a ../common/lib/liblua52.a -lpthread -lmysqlclient
145# ========================================
146#maintest.c tree/rbtree.c 多了子目录，那就直接添加 目录/**//*.c即可 所有的源文件-- .c文件列表
147CSRCS = $(wildcard ./*.c )
148CPPSRCS = $(wildcard ./*.cpp )
149#所有的.o文件列表
150COBJS := $(CSRCS:.c=.o)
151CPPOBJS := $(CPPSRCS:.cpp=.o)
152
153# args
154# [args] 生成模式. 0代表debug模式, 1代表release模式. make ver=r.
155ifeq ($(ver),r)
156 # release
157 CFLAGS += -O3
158 TARGET = ../bin/db_r
159else
160 # debug
161 CFLAGS += -g
162endif
163
164# ==================compile====================
165%.o : %.cpp
166 $(CC) -g -c $(CFLAGS) $(IFLAGS) $(LFLAGS) $< -o $@
167
168all : bin
169
170bin : $(TARGET)
171
172$(TARGET) : $(OBJS)
173 $(CC) $(CPPSRCS) -o $(TARGET) $(OBJS) $(IFLAGS) $(LFLAGS) $(CFLAGS)
174
175install : $(TARGET)
176 @cp $(TARGET) $(HOME)/bin/
177 @ln -s $(HOME)/bin/$(TARGET) $(HOME)/bin/$(LINK)
178
179clean :
180 @rm -f $(OBJS)
181 @rm -f ../bin/$(TARGET)
182 @rm -f $(HOME)/bin/$(TARGET)
183 @rm -f $(HOME)/bin/$(LINK)
184 @rm -f ./*.o
185distclean:
186 @rm -f ./bin/$(TARGET)
187# ==========================================
188
189
190
191
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