网上关于ADO的使用方法很多,这边我个人就整理出一个使用ADO的方法的具体步骤:
1、用#import引入ADO库文件
在stdafx.h文件中添加#import "c:\program files\common files\system\ado\msado15.dll"no_namespaces rename("EOF" adoEOF")
2、 数据库连接,创建CDBConnection,代码如下:
class CDBConnection


{
public:
//数据库是否已连接
BOOL m_Actived;
//关闭连接
void Close();
//打开连接
BOOL Open(CString CnnStr);

//ADO的连接对象指针
_ConnectionPtr m_pConn;

CDBConnection();
virtual ~CDBConnection();

};
CDBConnection::CDBConnection()


{
//创建连接对象
m_pConn.CreateInstance("ADODB.Connection");
m_Actived = FALSE;
}

CDBConnection::~CDBConnection()


{
//释放连接对象
m_pConn.Release();
}

BOOL CDBConnection::Open(CString CnnStr)


{
try

{
m_pConn->Open(_bstr_t(CnnStr), "", "", adConnectUnspecified);

m_Actived = TRUE;

return TRUE;
}
catch(_com_error &e)

{
return FALSE;
}
}

void CDBConnection::Close()


{
if (m_Actived)

{
m_pConn->Close();
m_Actived = FALSE;
}
}

相关函数:
1)HRESULT Connection15::Open ( _bstr_t ConnectionString, _bstr_t UserID, _bstr_t Password, long Options )
ConnectionString例子:"Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=" + strCommandLine + "WhMgrDB.mdb;Persist Security Info=False"。其中strCommandLine 为数据库的地址,WhMgrDB.mdb为所要用到的数据库。
UserID和Password分别为建立连接时所使用的用户名和密码
Options:决定是使用同步方式(adConnectUnspecified默认)还是异步方式(adAsyncConnext)打开数据库。当使用同步方式打开数据库时,只有打开完成,Open方法才返回;而是用异步方式打开数据库时,Open方法在建立连接完成之前就返回。
3、 通用数据访问模块的实现
class CDataSet


{
protected:
//打开查询
BOOL Open(CString SQL);
public:
//删除当前记录
void Delete();
//更新记录
void Update();
//将Field列的值设置为Value
void SetAsString(CString Field, CString Value);
//关闭查询
void Close();
//加载数据
virtual BOOL LoadData();
//得到Field列的值
CString GetAsString(CString FieldName);
//是否在第一条记录之前
BOOL IsBOF();
//是否在最后一条记录之后
BOOL IsEOF();
//移动到上一条记录
void MovePrevious();
//移动到下一条记录
void MoveNext();
//移动到最后一条记录
void MoveLast();
//移动到第一条记录
void MoveFirst();

//数据库连接对象
CDBConnection * m_cnn;

CDataSet();
virtual ~CDataSet();

private:
BOOL m_Actived;
_RecordsetPtr m_pRs;
};

CDataSet::CDataSet()


{
m_pRs.CreateInstance("ADODB.RecordSet");
m_Actived = FALSE;
}

CDataSet::~CDataSet()


{
m_pRs.Release();
}

BOOL CDataSet::Open(CString SQL)


{
ASSERT(m_cnn);
ASSERT(m_cnn->m_Actived);
try

{
m_pRs->Open(_variant_t(SQL), _variant_t(m_cnn->m_pConn, true), adOpenStatic, adLockOptimistic, adCmdText);
m_Actived = TRUE;

return TRUE;
}
catch(_com_error &e)

{
return FALSE;
}
}

void CDataSet::MoveFirst()


{
m_pRs->MoveFirst();
}

void CDataSet::MoveLast()


{
m_pRs->MoveLast();
}

void CDataSet::MoveNext()


{
m_pRs->MoveNext();
}

void CDataSet::MovePrevious()


{
m_pRs->MovePrevious();
}

BOOL CDataSet::IsEOF()


{
return m_pRs->EndOfFile;
}

BOOL CDataSet::IsBOF()


{
return m_pRs->BOF;
}

CString CDataSet::GetAsString(CString FieldName)


{
ASSERT(!IsBOF() && !IsEOF());

_variant_t vValue = m_pRs->Fields->Item[_variant_t(FieldName)]->Value;

//如果为空值则返回空
if ((V_VT(&vValue) == VT_NULL) || (V_VT(&vValue) == VT_EMPTY))

{
return "";
}
return _com_util::ConvertBSTRToString(_bstr_t(vValue));
}

BOOL CDataSet::LoadData()


{
return FALSE;
}

void CDataSet::Close()


{
if (m_Actived)

{
m_pRs->Close();
}
}

void CDataSet::SetAsString(CString Field, CString Value)


{
ASSERT(!IsBOF() && !IsEOF());
m_pRs->Fields->Item[_variant_t(Field)]->Value = _variant_t(Value);
}

void CDataSet::Update()


{
m_pRs->Update();
}

void CDataSet::Delete()


{
m_pRs->Delete(adAffectCurrent);
}

相关函数:
1)HRESULT Recordset15::Open ( const _variant_t & Source, const _variant_t & ActiveConnection, enum CursorTypeEnum CursorType, enum LockTypeEnum LockType, long Options )
Source:变体型,计算Command对象的变量名、SQL语句、表名、存储过程调用或持久Recordset文件名。
ActiveConnection:计算有效地Connection对象变量名或字符串,包含ConnectionString参数。
CursorType:确定提供者打开Recordset时应该使用的游标类型。
LockType:adLockReadOnly(默认值,只读)、adLockPessimistic(保守式锁定)、adLockOptimistic(开放式锁定,只有使用Update时才锁定记录)、adLockBatchOptimistic(开放式批更新)
Options:有adCmdText、adCmdTable、adCmdTableDirect和adCmdStoredProc等。
2)_variant_t vValue = m_pRs->Fields->Item[_variant_t(FieldName)]->Value;
_com_util::ConvertBSTRToString(_bstr_t(vValue));
m_pRs->Fields->Item[_variant_t(Field)]->Value = _variant_t(Value);
4、 通用数据命令模块的实现
class CDBCommand


{
public:
//数据库连接对象
CDBConnection * m_cnn;
//执行SQL
BOOL ExecuteSQL(CString SQL);
CDBCommand();
virtual ~CDBCommand();
};

CDBCommand::CDBCommand()


{

}

CDBCommand::~CDBCommand()


{

}

BOOL CDBCommand::ExecuteSQL(CString SQL)


{
ASSERT(m_cnn);
ASSERT(m_cnn->m_Actived);
try

{
m_cnn->m_pConn->Execute(_bstr_t(SQL), NULL, adCmdText);
return TRUE;
}
catch(_com_error &e)

{
return FALSE;
}
}

1)_RecordsetPtr Connection15::Execute ( _bstr_t CommandText, VARIANT * RecordsAffected, long Options )
CommandText:设置或返回包含提供者的命令。
RecordsAffected:可选,提供者向其返回操作所影响的记录书目。
Options:有adCmdText、adCmdTable、adCmdTableDirect和adCmdStoredProc等。5、借用表命令类——CBorrowCommand(继承了CDBCommand)
#include "DBCommand.h"

class CBorrowCommand : public CDBCommand


{
public:
//进行借用
//返回值为借用号
CString DoBorrow();
//各项借用信息
CString m_MaterialNum;
CString m_Count;
CString m_Department;
CString m_Use;
CString m_State;
CString m_Jsr;
CString m_Lqr;

CBorrowCommand();
virtual ~CBorrowCommand();

private:
//得到当前最大借用号
int GetMaxBorrowID();

};

CBorrowCommand::CBorrowCommand()


{

}

CBorrowCommand::~CBorrowCommand()


{

}

int CBorrowCommand::GetMaxBorrowID()


{
_RecordsetPtr pRs("ADODB.RecordSet");
pRs->Open(_variant_t("Select Max(ID) as MAXID From tblBorrow"), _variant_t(m_cnn->m_pConn, true), adOpenStatic, adLockOptimistic, adCmdText);
int nResult;

_variant_t vValue = pRs->Fields->Item[_variant_t("MAXID")]->Value;
//如果不为空,返回最大值;否则返回0
if (V_VT(&vValue) != VT_NULL)

{
nResult = atoi(_bstr_t(vValue));
}
else

{
nResult = 0;
}
pRs->Close();
return nResult;
}

CString CBorrowCommand::DoBorrow()


{
//得到当前时间
CString strData;
CTime time = CTime::GetCurrentTime();
strData.Format("%d-%d-%d %d:%d:%d",
time.GetYear(),
time.GetMonth(),
time.GetDay(),
time.GetHour(),
time.GetMinute(),
time.GetSecond());

CString strSQL;

//得到新的借用ID
int nMaxID = GetMaxBorrowID();
nMaxID++;
CString strNewID;
strNewID.Format("%d", nMaxID);

strSQL = "Insert into tblBorrow([ID], [MaterialNum], [Count], [Department], [Data], [Use], [State], [Jsr], [Lqr]) Values("
+ strNewID + ", "
+ m_MaterialNum + ", "
+ m_Count + ", \""
+ m_Department + "\", #"
+ strData + "#, \""
+ m_Use + "\", \""
+ m_State + "\", \""
+ m_Jsr + "\", \""
+ m_Lqr + "\")";

if(ExecuteSQL(strSQL))

{
return strNewID;
}
else

{
return "";
}
}

6、借用表访问类——CBorrowDataSet(继承了CDataSet)
#include "DataSet.h"

class CBorrowDataSet : public CDataSet


{
public:
CString GetID();
CString GetMaterialNum();
void SetCount(CString Value);
CString GetCount();
CString GetUse();
CString GetLqr();
CString GetState();
CString GetData();
CString GetDepartment();
CString GetJsr();

BOOL LoadDataByID(CString ID);
BOOL LoadData();
CBorrowDataSet();
virtual ~CBorrowDataSet();
};

CBorrowDataSet::CBorrowDataSet()


{

}

CBorrowDataSet::~CBorrowDataSet()


{

}

BOOL CBorrowDataSet::LoadData()


{
return Open("Select * From tblBorrow");
}

BOOL CBorrowDataSet::LoadDataByID(CString ID)


{
return Open("Select * From tblBorrow Where ID = " + ID);
}

CString CBorrowDataSet::GetCount()


{
return GetAsString("Count");
}

void CBorrowDataSet::SetCount(CString Value)


{
SetAsString("Count", Value);
}

CString CBorrowDataSet::GetMaterialNum()


{
return GetAsString("MaterialNum");
}

CString CBorrowDataSet::GetID()


{
return GetAsString("ID");
}

CString CBorrowDataSet::GetJsr()


{
return GetAsString("Jsr");
}

CString CBorrowDataSet::GetDepartment()


{
return GetAsString("Department");
}

CString CBorrowDataSet::GetData()


{
return GetAsString("Data");
}

CString CBorrowDataSet::GetState()


{
return GetAsString("State");
}

CString CBorrowDataSet::GetLqr()


{
return GetAsString("Lqr");
}

CString CBorrowDataSet::GetUse()


{
return GetAsString("Use");
}

7、用户信息表访问类——CUserInfoDataSet(继承了CDataSet)
#include "DataSet.h"

class CUserInfoDataSet : public CDataSet


{
public:
//得到密码
CString GetPassword();
//根据用户名加载数据
BOOL LoadData(CString UserName);

CUserInfoDataSet();
virtual ~CUserInfoDataSet();

};

CUserInfoDataSet::CUserInfoDataSet()


{

}

CUserInfoDataSet::~CUserInfoDataSet()


{

}

BOOL CUserInfoDataSet::LoadData(CString UserName)


{
return Open("Select * From UserInfo Where Username like \"" + UserName + "\"");
}

CString CUserInfoDataSet::GetPassword()


{
return GetAsString("Password");
}
8、主程序的初始化
class CWhMgrApp : public CWinApp


{
public:
CDBConnection * m_pConn;
CWhMgrApp();

// Overrides
// ClassWizard generated virtual function overrides
//{{AFX_VIRTUAL(CWhMgrApp)
public:
virtual BOOL InitInstance();
virtual int ExitInstance();
//}}AFX_VIRTUAL

// Implementation

//{{AFX_MSG(CWhMgrApp)
// NOTE - the ClassWizard will add and remove member functions here.
// DO NOT EDIT what you see in these blocks of generated code !
//}}AFX_MSG
DECLARE_MESSAGE_MAP()
};

CWhMgrApp::CWhMgrApp()


{
// TODO: add construction code here,
// Place all significant initialization in InitInstance
}


/**//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// The one and only CWhMgrApp object

CWhMgrApp theApp;


/**//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// CWhMgrApp initialization

BOOL CWhMgrApp::InitInstance()


{
//初始化Com
::CoInitialize(NULL);

//初始化数据库连接
m_pConn = new CDBConnection;

//得到当前程序所在的文件夹
CString strCommandLine = ::GetCommandLine();
int i;
int nLen = strCommandLine.GetLength();
for(i = nLen - 1; i >= 0; i--)

{
CHAR a = strCommandLine.GetAt(i);
if(a == '\\')

{
break;
}
}
strCommandLine.ReleaseBuffer(i + 1);
strCommandLine.Delete(0, 1);

//打开数据库连接,数据库地址为:当前程序所在文件夹\WhMgrDB.mdb
if(!m_pConn->Open("Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=" + strCommandLine + "WhMgrDB.mdb;Persist Security Info=False"))

{
::AfxMessageBox("打开数据库失败!");
return FALSE;
}

//用户登录
BOOL bLogined;
CLoginDlg loginDlg;
CUserInfoDataSet dsUserInfo;
dsUserInfo.m_cnn = m_pConn;

bLogined = FALSE;
//给3次登录机会
for(i = 0; i < 3; i++)

{
if(loginDlg.DoModal() == IDOK)

{
dsUserInfo.LoadData(loginDlg.m_strUserName);
if(!dsUserInfo.IsEOF())

{
if(dsUserInfo.GetPassword() == loginDlg.m_strPassword)

{
bLogined = TRUE;
break;
}
}
else

{
::AfxMessageBox("用户名或者密码不正确,请重试!");
}
dsUserInfo.Close();
}
else

{
break;
}
}

if(!bLogined)

{
return FALSE;
}


AfxEnableControlContainer();

// Standard initialization
// If you are not using these features and wish to reduce the size
// of your final executable, you should remove from the following
// the specific initialization routines you do not need.

#ifdef _AFXDLL
Enable3dControls(); // Call this when using MFC in a shared DLL
#else
Enable3dControlsStatic(); // Call this when linking to MFC statically
#endif

CWhMgrDlg dlg;
//给dlg的m_pConn成员变量赋值
dlg.m_pConn = m_pConn;
m_pMainWnd = &dlg;
int nResponse = dlg.DoModal();
if (nResponse == IDOK)

{
// TODO: Place code here to handle when the dialog is
// dismissed with OK
}
else if (nResponse == IDCANCEL)

{
// TODO: Place code here to handle when the dialog is
// dismissed with Cancel
}

// Since the dialog has been closed, return FALSE so that we exit the
// application, rather than start the application's message pump.
return FALSE;
}

int CWhMgrApp::ExitInstance()


{
m_pConn->Close();
delete m_pConn;
::CoUninitialize();
return CWinApp::ExitInstance();
}

1 )::CoInitialize(NULL);和::CoUninitialize();:ADO库是一组COM动态库,这意味应用程序在调用ADO前,必须初始化OLE/COM库环境。在MFC应用程序里,一个比较好的方法是在应用程序主类的InitInstance成员函数里初始化OLE/COM库环境。也可用
if(!AfxOleInit())//这就是初始化COM库
{
AfxMessageBox(“OLE初始化出错!”);
return FALSE;
}
2)得到当前程序所在的文件夹:
CString strCommandLine = ::GetCommandLine();
int i;
int nLen = strCommandLine.GetLength();
for(i = nLen - 1; i >= 0; i--)
{
CHAR a = strCommandLine.GetAt(i);
if(a == '\\')
{
break;
}
}
strCommandLine.ReleaseBuffer(i + 1);
strCommandLine.Delete(0, 1);
9、归还的实现
class COutDialog : public CDialog


{
// Construction
public:
CDBConnection * m_pConn;
CString m_strMaterialNum;
COutDialog(CWnd* pParent = NULL); // standard constructor

// Dialog Data
//{{AFX_DATA(COutDialog)

enum
{ IDD = IDD_OUT_DIALOG };
CStatic m_Unit;
CComboBox m_MaterialNum;
BOOL m_bNeedReturn;
CString m_strCount;
CString m_strDepartment;
CString m_strJsr;
CString m_strLqr;
CString m_strState;
CString m_strUse;
//}}AFX_DATA


// Overrides
// ClassWizard generated virtual function overrides
//{{AFX_VIRTUAL(COutDialog)
protected:
virtual void DoDataExchange(CDataExchange* pDX); // DDX/DDV support
//}}AFX_VIRTUAL

// Implementation
protected:

// Generated message map functions
//{{AFX_MSG(COutDialog)
virtual void OnOK();
afx_msg void OnSelchangeComboMaterialnum();
//}}AFX_MSG
DECLARE_MESSAGE_MAP()
};


COutDialog::COutDialog(CWnd* pParent /**//*=NULL*/)
: CDialog(COutDialog::IDD, pParent)


{
//{{AFX_DATA_INIT(COutDialog)
m_bNeedReturn = FALSE;
m_strCount = _T("");
m_strDepartment = _T("");
m_strJsr = _T("");
m_strLqr = _T("");
m_strState = _T("");
m_strUse = _T("");
//}}AFX_DATA_INIT
}


void COutDialog::DoDataExchange(CDataExchange* pDX)


{
CDialog::DoDataExchange(pDX);
//{{AFX_DATA_MAP(COutDialog)
DDX_Control(pDX, IDC_STATIC_UNIT, m_Unit);
DDX_Control(pDX, IDC_COMBO_MATERIALNUM, m_MaterialNum);
DDX_Check(pDX, IDC_CHECK_NEEDRETURN, m_bNeedReturn);
DDX_Text(pDX, IDC_EDIT_COUNT, m_strCount);
DDX_Text(pDX, IDC_EDIT_DEPARTMENT, m_strDepartment);
DDX_Text(pDX, IDC_EDIT_JSR, m_strJsr);
DDX_Text(pDX, IDC_EDIT_LQR, m_strLqr);
DDX_Text(pDX, IDC_EDIT_STATE, m_strState);
DDX_Text(pDX, IDC_EDIT_USE, m_strUse);
//}}AFX_DATA_MAP
CMaterialInfoDataSet dsMaterialInfo;
dsMaterialInfo.m_cnn = m_pConn;
if(!dsMaterialInfo.LoadData())

{
::AfxMessageBox("加载物资信息失败!");
}
else

{
while(!dsMaterialInfo.IsEOF())

{
m_MaterialNum.AddString(dsMaterialInfo.GetMaterialNum());
dsMaterialInfo.MoveNext();
}
dsMaterialInfo.Close();
}
if(m_MaterialNum.GetCount() > 0)

{
m_MaterialNum.SetCurSel(0);
OnSelchangeComboMaterialnum();
}
}


BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP(COutDialog, CDialog)
//{{AFX_MSG_MAP(COutDialog)
ON_CBN_SELCHANGE(IDC_COMBO_MATERIALNUM, OnSelchangeComboMaterialnum)
//}}AFX_MSG_MAP
END_MESSAGE_MAP()


/**//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// COutDialog message handlers

void COutDialog::OnOK()


{
int nIndex = m_MaterialNum.GetCurSel();
if(nIndex >= 0)

{
m_MaterialNum.GetLBText(nIndex, m_strMaterialNum);
}
else

{
m_strMaterialNum = "0";
}
CDialog::OnOK();
}

void COutDialog::OnSelchangeComboMaterialnum()


{
int nIndex = m_MaterialNum.GetCurSel();
if(nIndex >= 0)

{
CMaterialInfoDataSet dsMaterialInfo;
dsMaterialInfo.m_cnn = m_pConn;
CString strNum;
m_MaterialNum.GetLBText(nIndex, strNum);
dsMaterialInfo.LoadDataByNum(strNum);
if(!dsMaterialInfo.IsEOF())

{
m_Unit.SetWindowText(dsMaterialInfo.GetUnit());
}
dsMaterialInfo.Close();
}
}

1)给部分程序不仅给出了关于借出表的实现,还参有出库的实现(关于出库的出库表命令类和出库表访问类这边没介绍,与借出表的差不多)。如有疑问可以联系我。
这次利用一个工程中的一部分代码对VC中ADO做了比较详细的介绍,如有错误希望给与指正!!!!!!!!!!
posted on 2009-06-18 22:58
The_Moment 阅读(900)
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