今天学习了些关于VC网络编程中关于Winsock的知识,并做了相应的整理。在这里根据了一个聊天室例子帮助我了解这些知识的用法。
(1)Server端调用函数顺序:
WSAStartup()初始化Winsock
socket()创建一个监听Socket
bind()为监听Socket指定通信对象
listen()设置等待连接状态
accept()接收连接并生成会话Socket
send和recv进行对话
closesocket()关闭socket
(2)Client端调用函数顺序
WSAStartup()初始化Winsock
socket()创建一个监听Socket
connect()与Server端连接
send和recv进行对话
closesocket()关闭socket
1、程序头部分,包括引用的头文件、宏定义、全局变量和函数声明
#include "stdafx.h"
#include "resource.h"
#include <VECTOR> //采用STL
#include <algorithm>
#include <WINSOCK2.H> //调用winsock
#include <ASSERT.H>
#define BUFFER_SIZE 4096 //缓冲区的大小
#define SERVER_MESSAGE WM_USER+100 //服务器SOCKET异步消息ID
#define CLIENT_MESSAGE WM_USER+101 //客户机SOCKET异步消息ID
// Global Variables:
SOCKET g_ListenSocket; //Listen socket (for server)
std::vector<SOCKET> g_DataSockets; //All data sockets with clients (for server)
SOCKET g_ClientSocket; //Client data socket (for client)
BOOL g_bActive; //A tag of active socket (for both server and client)
std::string g_ChatWords;
BOOL g_bClient; //TRUE as a client, FALSE as a server
BOOL ServerInit(HWND hWnd,UINT port);
BOOL ClientInit(HWND hWnd,UINT port,const char* serverIP);
int OnClientMessage(HWND hWnd, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
int OnServerMessage(HWND hWnd, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
void SendMessageToPeer(HWND hWnd);
void Send(SOCKET sock, const char* buffer, int length);
void RefreshScreen(HWND hWnd);
void ExitChat(HWND hWnd);
void GetErrorReason();
2、Win32程序函数入口点WinMain:
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
LPSTR lpCmdLine,
int nCmdShow)
{
// Perform application initialization:
g_bActive=FALSE;
DialogBox(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDD_CHAT_DIALOG), NULL, (DLGPROC)WndProc);
return 0;
}
3、对话框的消息循环函数WndProc:
在WndProc消息循环中,只处理4中消息:对话框初始化、对话框控件、服务器SOCKET异步和客户端SOCKET异步,在对话框初始化中,程序启动了SOCKET栈。在对话框控件中,程序分别响应了各种按钮消息以及文字输入框消息EN_UPDATE。在服务器SOCKET异步消息中,调用OnServerMessage处理。在客户端SOCKET异步消息中,调用了OnclientMessage处理。
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
HWND subWnd;
char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE];
UINT port;
char serverIP[16];
switch (message)
{
case WM_INITDIALOG:
{
WSADATA wsaData;
if(WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2,2),&wsaData)!=0)
{
MessageBox(hWnd,"Socket Stack Error!","Error",IDOK);
return -1;
}
}
return TRUE;
case WM_COMMAND:
{
switch(LOWORD(wParam))
{
case IDOK:
case IDCANCEL:
EndDialog(hWnd,LOWORD(wParam));
break;
case IDC_CONNECT:
{
subWnd=GetDlgItem(hWnd,IDC_LISTEN_PORT_C);
GetWindowText(subWnd,buffer, BUFFER_SIZE);
port= UINT(atoi(buffer));
subWnd=GetDlgItem(hWnd,IDC_SERVERIP);
GetWindowText(subWnd,buffer,BUFFER_SIZE);
strncpy(serverIP,buffer,16);
ClientInit(hWnd,port,serverIP);
//g_ChatWords="";
}
break;
case IDC_LISTEN:
{
subWnd=GetDlgItem(hWnd,IDC_LISTEN_PORT_S);
GetWindowText(subWnd,buffer, BUFFER_SIZE);
port= UINT(atoi(buffer));
ServerInit(hWnd,port);
//g_ChatWords="";
}
break;
case IDC_INPUTTEXT:
{
if(HIWORD(wParam)==EN_UPDATE)
{
SendMessageToPeer(hWnd);
}
}
default:
break;
}
}
break;
case SERVER_MESSAGE:
{
OnServerMessage(hWnd,wParam, lParam);
}
break;
case CLIENT_MESSAGE:
{
OnClientMessage(hWnd, wParam, lParam);
}
break;
}
return 0;
}
1)int WSAStartup(WORD wVersionRequested,LPWSADATA lpWSAData);
wVersionRequested:表示欲使用的Windows Sockets API版本,使用宏MAKEWORD(X,Y)设置参数。表示版本为X.Y(本例中为2.2)
4、客户端初始化函数ClientInit:
当单击“连接服务器“按钮时,程序分别从子窗口IDC_LISTEN_POST_C和IDC_SERVERIP中提取服务器的IP和监听端口,然后调用客户端函数ClientInit。
BOOL ClientInit(HWND hWnd,UINT port,const char* serverIP)
{
sockaddr_in addr;
ExitChat(hWnd);
g_bClient=TRUE;
if(inet_addr(serverIP)==INADDR_NONE)
{
MessageBox(hWnd,"Invalid IP Address!","Warnning",IDOK);
return FALSE;
}
//create tcp/stream data socket
g_ClientSocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM,0);
assert(g_ClientSocket != INVALID_SOCKET);
//set the socket as async selection tag, the related message is CLIENT_MESSAGE
//the async events contain: read, write, close, connect
WSAAsyncSelect(g_ClientSocket,hWnd,CLIENT_MESSAGE,FD_READ|FD_WRITE|FD_CLOSE|FD_CONNECT);
//set the server address and port
addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
addr.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = inet_addr(serverIP);
addr.sin_port = htons(port); //short from host to network format
//connect to server
connect(g_ClientSocket, (sockaddr*)&addr, sizeof(addr));
g_ChatWords+="Connecting\r\n";
RefreshScreen(hWnd);
return TRUE;
}
1)SOCKET socket(int af,int type,int protocol);
af:指协议的地址族,如果想建立一个UDP或TCP的套接字,则该值设置成AF_INET,表示在网络层采用网际协议(IP)
type:协议的套接字类型,可以是SOCK_STREAM、SOCK_DGRAM 、SOCK_RAW、SOCK_RDM、SOCK_SEQPACKET。 当采用流连接方式时用SOCK_STREAM,采用数据报文方式用SOCK_DGRAM
proctocol:协议字段,当af和type都指定之后,该值的取值范围就被去定了,默认值为0。
2)int PASCAL FAR WSAAsyncSelect ( SOCKET s, HWND hWnd, unsigned int wMsg, long lEvent );
S:标识一个需要事件通知的套接口的描述符.
hWnd:标识一个在网络事件发生时需要接收消息的窗口句柄.
wMsg :在网络事件发生时要接收的消息.
lEvent:位屏蔽码,用于指明应用程序感兴趣的网络事件集合.
3)int connect(SOCKET s,const struct sockaddr FAR * name,int namelen);
S是建立好的套接字,name指向描述通信对象地址信息的结构体的指针,namelen是该结构体的长度。
4)struct sockaddr_in {short sin_family;u_short sin_port;struct in_addr sin_addr;char sin_zero[8];};
5)unsigned long PASCAL FAR inet_addr( const struct FAR* cp);
cp:一个以Internet标准“.”间隔的字符串。
本函数解释cp参数中的字符串,这个字符串用Internet的“.”间隔格式表示一个数字的Internet地址。
6)u_short PASCAL FAR htons( u_short hostshort);
hostshort:主机字节顺序表达的16位数。
本函数将一个16位数从主机字节顺序转换成网络字节顺序。
其中sin_family是指地址族;sin_port是制定的端口号;sin_addr是制定的IP地址;sin_zero冗余字段,使sockaddr_in结构和SOCKADDR结构大小相同
5、服务器初始化函数ServerInit:
单击“建立服务器“按钮时,程序从子窗口IDC_LISTEN_PORT_S中提取监听端口,然后调用服务器初始化函数ServerInit。
BOOL ServerInit(HWND hWnd,UINT port)
{
sockaddr_in addr;
char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE];
ExitChat(hWnd);
g_bClient=FALSE;
//create a tcp/stream based socket
g_ListenSocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM,0);
assert(g_ListenSocket != INVALID_SOCKET);
//set the socket as async selection tag, the related message is SERVER_MESSAGE
//the async events contain: accept, read, write, close
WSAAsyncSelect(g_ListenSocket, hWnd, SERVER_MESSAGE, FD_ACCEPT|FD_READ|FD_WRITE|FD_CLOSE);
addr.sin_family = AF_INET; //IP layer takes IP router protocol
addr.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = INADDR_ANY;
addr.sin_port = htons(port);//port from short of host to short of network
//binding listening socket
if(bind(g_ListenSocket, (sockaddr*)&addr, sizeof(sockaddr)) == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
sprintf(buffer,"Port %d has been taken. Change another port.\r\n",port);
g_ChatWords+=buffer;
RefreshScreen(hWnd);
MessageBox(hWnd,"Binding Error","Warnning",IDOK);
return FALSE;
}
//listening
if(listen(g_ListenSocket, 5) == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
strcpy(buffer,"Listen error.\r\n");
g_ChatWords+=buffer;
RefreshScreen(hWnd);
MessageBox(hWnd,"Listen Error.","Warnning",IDOK);
return FALSE;
}
g_ChatWords+="Server is listening\r\n";
RefreshScreen(hWnd);
g_bActive=TRUE;
return TRUE;
}
1) int bind(SOCKET s,const struct sockaddr FAR * name,int namelen);
S是建立好的套接字,name指向描述通信对象地址信息的结构体的指针,namelen是该结构体的长度。
2)int listen(SOCKET s,int backlog);
S是建立好的套接字,backlog是并发连接等待队列的长度。
6、SendMessageToPeer函数:
当用户在文本框中输入文字时,程序会接收到该文本框的EN_UPDATE消息,函数SendMessageToPeer负责处理该消息。在SendMessageToPeer中,一旦检测到用户按下了回车键,程序就将文本内容刷新到上面的显示框中,如果当前在线,文本内容还将发送到会话的另一端。
void SendMessageToPeer(HWND hWnd)
{
HWND subwnd;
char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE];
int i;
static int oldNumOfChars=0;
subwnd=GetDlgItem(hWnd,IDC_INPUTTEXT);
GetWindowText(subwnd,buffer,BUFFER_SIZE-2);
if(oldNumOfChars!=strlen(buffer))
{
oldNumOfChars=strlen(buffer);
return;
}
//CString s;
//s("%d还是%d",oldNumOfChars,strlen(buffer));
// g_ChatWords+=s;
//empty content of input edit box
SetWindowText(subwnd,"");
oldNumOfChars=0;
if(!g_bActive)
{
g_ChatWords+=buffer;
g_ChatWords.erase(g_ChatWords.size(),1);
g_ChatWords+="(Hint: you are isolated now.)\r\n";
RefreshScreen(hWnd);
return;
}
strcat(buffer,"\r\n");
g_ChatWords+=buffer;
RefreshScreen(hWnd);
if(g_bClient)
{
Send(g_ClientSocket, buffer, strlen(buffer));
}
else
{
for(i=0;i<g_DataSockets.size();i++)
Send(g_DataSockets[i],buffer,strlen(buffer));
}
}
void Send(SOCKET sock, const char* buffer, int length)
{
int ret,i;
i=0;
while(length>0)
{
ret=send(sock,&(buffer[i]),length,0);
if(ret==0)
break;
else if(ret == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
g_ChatWords+="Error sending.\r\n";
break;
}
length-=ret;
i+=ret;
}
}
1)int send(SOCKET s,const char FAR * buf,int len,int flags);
参数s是建立连接的套接字。buf和len是发送的数据包及其长度。flags一般取0,还有MSG_DONTROUTE要求套接字传输的数据不要路由,如果传输协议不支持该选项,则这个要求被忽略。MSG_OOB表示套接字此时传输的数据室外带数据,需要紧急处理。
7、OnClientMessage函数:
在主循环的消息循环中,OnClientMessage函数用来处理客户端SOCKET的一部消息CLIENT_MESSAGE。需要指出的是:当某个网络消息到达窗口时,可能暗含着套接字上发生了某种网络错误。此时,应该先判断套接字上是否发生了错误,如果有错误发生就直接关闭套接字然后返回,只有在没有错误发生的情况下,才需要处理具体的网络消息。在实现上,需要利用消息参数lParam的高字节,宏WSAGETSELECTERROR可以检测错误。而具体的消息类型是存储在lParam的低字节,宏WSAGETSELECTEVENT用来获取该低字节值。
int OnClientMessage(HWND hWnd, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE+1];
int retCode;
sockaddr_in name;
int namelen=sizeof(sockaddr_in);
if(WSAGETSELECTERROR(lParam))
{
closesocket(g_ClientSocket);
strcpy(buffer,"Server has no response.\r\n");
g_ChatWords+=buffer;
RefreshScreen(hWnd);
g_bActive=FALSE;
return 0;
}
switch(WSAGETSELECTEVENT(lParam))
{
case FD_CONNECT:
getpeername(g_ClientSocket,(sockaddr*)&name,&namelen);
sprintf(buffer,"Successfully connected to %s:%d.\r\n",inet_ntoa(name.sin_addr),ntohs(name.sin_port));
g_ChatWords+=buffer;
RefreshScreen(hWnd);
g_bActive=TRUE;
break;
case FD_READ:
retCode=recv(g_ClientSocket,buffer,BUFFER_SIZE,0);
if(retCode!=SOCKET_ERROR)
{
buffer[retCode]=NULL;
g_ChatWords+=buffer;
}
else
GetErrorReason();
RefreshScreen(hWnd);
break;
case FD_WRITE:
break;
case FD_CLOSE:
closesocket(g_ClientSocket);
strcpy(buffer,"Server close session.Successfully log out.\r\n");
g_ChatWords+=buffer;
RefreshScreen(hWnd);
g_bActive=FALSE;
break;
}
return 0;
}
1)char FAR* PASCAL FAR inet_ntoa( struct in_addr in);
in:一个表示Internet主机地址的结构。
本函数将一个用in参数所表示的Internet地址结构转换成以“.” 间隔的诸如“a.b.c.d”的字符串形式。
2) int recv(SOCKET s,char FAR * buf,int len,int flags);
参数与send一致
3)int closesocket(SOCKET s);
关闭套接字
8、OnServerMessage函数:
在主程序的消息循环中,OnServerMessage函数用来处理客户端SOCKET的一部消息SERVER_MESSAGE。在服务器初始化函数中的g_ListenSocket被设置成异步监听socket,所有被g_ListenSocket接收的数据socket将同时被设置成异步socket,并共享同一个消息SERVER_MESSAGE。及时服务器关闭了监听socket,会话socket的连接依然有效,除非服务器同时也将会话socket关闭。
int OnServerMessage(HWND hWnd, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
SOCKET socket;
int i,retCode,namelen;
char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE+1];
std::vector<SOCKET>::iterator ite;
sockaddr_in name;
namelen=sizeof(name);
if(WSAGETSELECTERROR(lParam))
{
getpeername((SOCKET)wParam,(sockaddr*)&name,&namelen);
closesocket((SOCKET)wParam);
//erase the client socket from client socks list
ite=std::find(g_DataSockets.begin(), g_DataSockets.end(),(SOCKET)wParam);
assert(ite!=g_DataSockets.end());
g_DataSockets.erase(ite);
//refresh screen
sprintf(buffer, "Client %s:%d lost contact with us.\r\n", inet_ntoa(name.sin_addr),ntohs(name.sin_port));
for(i=0; i<g_DataSockets.size(); i++)
Send(g_DataSockets[i],buffer,strlen(buffer));
g_ChatWords+=buffer;
RefreshScreen(hWnd);
return 0;
}
switch(WSAGETSELECTEVENT(lParam))
{
case FD_ACCEPT:
//accept the client request
socket= accept(g_ListenSocket,NULL,NULL);
//in fact we can get the peer when calling accept, here we use getpeername instead
getpeername(socket,(sockaddr*)&name,&namelen);
//send a message of logining to other clients
sprintf(buffer,"A guest joins us.(%s:%d)\r\n",inet_ntoa(name.sin_addr),ntohs(name.sin_port));
g_ChatWords+=buffer;
for(i=0;i<g_DataSockets.size();i++)
Send(g_DataSockets[i],buffer,strlen(buffer));
//send a welcome message to current client
sprintf(buffer, "Welcome !(You ID is: %s:%d.)\r\n",inet_ntoa(name.sin_addr),ntohs(name.sin_port));
//send(socket,buffer,strlen(buffer),0);
Send(socket,buffer,strlen(buffer));
//refresh srceen text
RefreshScreen(hWnd);
//push the client socket down to the client sockets list
g_DataSockets.push_back(socket);
break;
case FD_READ:
{
//get the client message, the client socket ID is wParam
retCode=recv((SOCKET)wParam,buffer,BUFFER_SIZE,0);
buffer[retCode]=NULL;
//send the received message to other clients
for(i=0;i<g_DataSockets.size();i++)
{
if(wParam!=g_DataSockets[i])
Send(g_DataSockets[i],buffer,strlen(buffer));
}
g_ChatWords+=buffer;
//refresh screen
RefreshScreen(hWnd);
}
break;
case FD_WRITE:
return 0;
case FD_CLOSE: //Client gracefully close the socket
//close the client socket who has left, the client socket ID is wParam
getpeername((SOCKET)wParam,(sockaddr*)&name,&namelen);
closesocket((SOCKET)wParam);
//erase the client socket from client socks list
ite=std::find(g_DataSockets.begin(), g_DataSockets.end(),(SOCKET)wParam);
assert(ite!=g_DataSockets.end());
g_DataSockets.erase(ite);
//refresh screen
sprintf(buffer, "Client %s:%d left.\r\n", inet_ntoa(name.sin_addr),ntohs(name.sin_port));
for(i=0; i<g_DataSockets.size(); i++)
Send(g_DataSockets[i],buffer,strlen(buffer));
g_ChatWords+=buffer;
RefreshScreen(hWnd);
break;
}
return 0;
}
1)int PASCAL FAR getpeername( SOCKET s, struct sockaddr FAR* name,int FAR* namelen);
s:标识一已连接套接口的描述字。
name:接收端地址的名字结构。
namelen:一个指向名字结构的指针。
2)u_short PASCAL FAR ntohs( u_short netshort);
netshort:一个以网络字节顺序表达的16位数。
本函数将一个16位数由网络字节顺序转换为主机字节顺序。
3) SOCKET accept(SOCKET s,struct sockaddr FAR * addr,int FAR * addrlen);
如果是服务器并不关心对方的地址,则可将accept函数中后两个参数设置为NULL。
9、最后,介绍3个辅助函数:ExitChat、GetErrorReason和RefreshScreen
当新建服务器或链接服务器的时候,首先需要将上一次会话关闭,ExitChat函数完成此功能。
RefreshScreen函数负责刷新显示内容并滚动显示文本框。
GetErrorReason函数负责获得当前操作中的具体错误原因。
void ExitChat(HWND hWnd)
{
int i;
char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE];
if(g_bActive)
{
if(g_bClient)
{
closesocket(g_ClientSocket);
strcpy(buffer,"Successfully log out.\r\n");
g_ChatWords+=buffer;
RefreshScreen(hWnd);
}
else
{
strcpy(buffer,"I will leave. Pls clients log out ASAP.\r\n");
for(i=0; i<g_DataSockets.size(); i++)
{
Send(g_DataSockets[i],buffer,strlen(buffer));
closesocket(g_DataSockets[i]);
}
g_DataSockets.clear();
closesocket(g_ListenSocket);
strcpy(buffer,"Successfully close server.\r\n");
g_ChatWords+=buffer;
RefreshScreen(hWnd);
}
}
g_bActive=FALSE;
}
void GetErrorReason()
{
LPVOID lpMsgBuf;
FormatMessage(FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER|FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM|FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS,
NULL,WSAGetLastError(),MAKELANGID(LANG_NEUTRAL, SUBLANG_DEFAULT), (LPTSTR) &lpMsgBuf,0,NULL);
g_ChatWords+=(char *)lpMsgBuf;
LocalFree( lpMsgBuf );
}
void RefreshScreen(HWND hWnd)
{
HWND subWnd;
std::string::size_type pos;
int n;
subWnd=GetDlgItem(hWnd,IDC_SHOWTEXT);
SetWindowText(subWnd, g_ChatWords.c_str());
n=0;
pos=0;
while((pos=g_ChatWords.find('\n',pos))!=std::string::npos)
{
pos++;
n++;
}
SendMessage(subWnd, EM_LINESCROLL, 0, n);
}
posted on 2009-06-21 00:23
The_Moment 阅读(1910)
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