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Posted on 2008-05-26 19:25 cacar 阅读(2010) 评论(1) 编辑 收藏 引用 所属分类: DirectX
例子如下：
1 // DEMO7_13.CPP 8-bit blitting demo
2
3// INCLUDES ///////////////////////////////////////////////
4
5#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN // just say no to MFC
6
7#define INITGUID
8
9#include <windows.h> // include important windows stuff
10#include <windowsx.h>
11#include <mmsystem.h>
12#include <iostream.h> // include important C/C++ stuff
13#include <conio.h>
14#include <stdlib.h>
15#include <malloc.h>
16#include <memory.h>
17#include <string.h>
18#include <stdarg.h>
19#include <stdio.h>
20#include <math.h>
21#include <io.h>
22#include <fcntl.h>
23
24#include <ddraw.h> // include directdraw
25
26// DEFINES ////////////////////////////////////////////////
27
28// defines for windows
29#define WINDOW_CLASS_NAME "WINCLASS1"
30
31// default screen size
32#define SCREEN_WIDTH 640 // size of screen
33#define SCREEN_HEIGHT 480
34#define SCREEN_BPP 8 // bits per pixel
35
36#define BITMAP_ID 0x4D42 // universal id for a bitmap
37#define MAX_COLORS_PALETTE 256
38
39// TYPES //////////////////////////////////////////////////////
40
41// basic unsigned types
42typedef unsigned short USHORT;
43typedef unsigned short WORD;
44typedef unsigned char UCHAR;
45typedef unsigned char BYTE;
46
47// container structure for bitmaps .BMP file
48// 用来保存位图的结构体
49typedef struct BITMAP_FILE_TAG
50   {
51 BITMAPFILEHEADER bitmapfileheader; // this contains the bitmapfile header
52 BITMAPINFOHEADER bitmapinfoheader; // this is all the info including the palette
53 PALETTEENTRY palette[256]; // we will store the palette here
54 UCHAR *buffer; // this is a pointer to the data
55
56 } BITMAP_FILE, *BITMAP_FILE_PTR;
57
58// this will hold our little alien
59// Alien 结构体，包含了要在背景上绘制的“外星人”的各帧以及位置、速度等
60typedef struct ALIEN_OBJ_TYP
61 {
62 LPDIRECTDRAWSURFACE7 frames[3]; // 3 frames of animation for complete walk cycle
63 int x,y; // position of alien
64 int velocity; // x-velocity
65 int current_frame; // current frame of animation
66 int counter; // used to time animation
67
68 } ALIEN_OBJ, *ALIEN_OBJ_PTR;
69
70// PROTOTYPES //////////////////////////////////////////////
71
72int Flip_Bitmap(UCHAR *image, int bytes_per_line, int height);
73
74int Load_Bitmap_File(BITMAP_FILE_PTR bitmap, char *filename);
75
76int Unload_Bitmap_File(BITMAP_FILE_PTR bitmap);
77
78int DDraw_Fill_Surface(LPDIRECTDRAWSURFACE7 lpdds,int color);
79
80int Scan_Image_Bitmap(BITMAP_FILE_PTR bitmap, LPDIRECTDRAWSURFACE7 lpdds, int cx,int cy);
81
82LPDIRECTDRAWSURFACE7 DDraw_Create_Surface(int width, int height, int mem_flags, int color_key);
83
84int DDraw_Draw_Surface(LPDIRECTDRAWSURFACE7 source, int x, int y,
85 int width, int height, LPDIRECTDRAWSURFACE7 dest,
86 int transparent);
87
88LPDIRECTDRAWCLIPPER DDraw_Attach_Clipper(LPDIRECTDRAWSURFACE7 lpdds,
89 int num_rects,
90 LPRECT clip_list);
91
92int Draw_Text_GDI(char *text, int x,int y,COLORREF color, LPDIRECTDRAWSURFACE7 lpdds);
93
94// MACROS /////////////////////////////////////////////////
95
96// tests if a key is up or down
97#define KEYDOWN(vk_code) ((GetAsyncKeyState(vk_code) & 0x8000) ? 1 : 0)
98#define KEYUP(vk_code) ((GetAsyncKeyState(vk_code) & 0x8000) ? 0 : 1)
99
100// initializes a direct draw struct
101#define DDRAW_INIT_STRUCT(ddstruct) { memset(&ddstruct,0,sizeof(ddstruct)); ddstruct.dwSize=sizeof(ddstruct); }
102
103// GLOBALS ////////////////////////////////////////////////
104
105HWND main_window_handle = NULL; // globally track main window
106int window_closed = 0; // tracks if window is closed
107HINSTANCE hinstance_app = NULL; // globally track hinstance
108
109// directdraw stuff
110
111LPDIRECTDRAW7 lpdd = NULL; // dd4 object
112LPDIRECTDRAWSURFACE7 lpddsprimary = NULL; // dd primary surface
113LPDIRECTDRAWSURFACE7 lpddsback = NULL; // dd back surface
114LPDIRECTDRAWPALETTE lpddpal = NULL; // a pointer to the created dd palette
115LPDIRECTDRAWCLIPPER lpddclipper = NULL; // dd clipper
116PALETTEENTRY palette[256]; // color palette
117PALETTEENTRY save_palette[256]; // used to save palettes
118DDSURFACEDESC2 ddsd; // a direct draw surface description struct
119DDBLTFX ddbltfx; // used to fill
120DDSCAPS2 ddscaps; // a direct draw surface capabilities struct
121HRESULT ddrval; // result back from dd calls
122DWORD start_clock_count = 0; // used for timing
123
124BITMAP_FILE bitmap; // holds the bitmap
125
126ALIEN_OBJ aliens[3]; // 3 aliens, one on each level
127
128LPDIRECTDRAWSURFACE7 lpddsbackground = NULL;// this will hold the background image
129
130char buffer[80]; // general printing buffer
131
132int gwidth = -1;
133int gheight = -1;
134
135// FUNCTIONS ////////////////////////////////////////////////
136// 载入位图文件到结构体
137int Load_Bitmap_File(BITMAP_FILE_PTR bitmap, char *filename)
138{
139// this function opens a bitmap file and loads the data into bitmap
140
141int file_handle, // the file handle
142 index; // looping index
143
144UCHAR *temp_buffer = NULL; // used to convert 24 bit images to 16 bit
145OFSTRUCT file_data; // the file data information
146
147// open the file if it exists
148if ((file_handle = OpenFile(filename,&file_data,OF_READ))==-1)
149 return(0);
150
151// now load the bitmap file header
152_lread(file_handle, &bitmap->bitmapfileheader,sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER));
153
154// test if this is a bitmap file
155if (bitmap->bitmapfileheader.bfType!=BITMAP_ID)
156  {
157 // close the file
158 _lclose(file_handle);
159
160 // return error
161 return(0);
162 } // end if
163
164// now we know this is a bitmap, so read in all the sections
165
166// first the bitmap infoheader
167
168// now load the bitmap file header
169_lread(file_handle, &bitmap->bitmapinfoheader,sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER));
170
171// now load the color palette if there is one
172if (bitmap->bitmapinfoheader.biBitCount == 8)
173 {
174 _lread(file_handle, &bitmap->palette,MAX_COLORS_PALETTE*sizeof(PALETTEENTRY));
175
176 // now set all the flags in the palette correctly and fix the reversed
177 // BGR RGBQUAD data format
178 for (index=0; index < MAX_COLORS_PALETTE; index++)
179 {
180 // reverse the red and green fields
181 int temp_color = bitmap->palette[index].peRed;
182 bitmap->palette[index].peRed = bitmap->palette[index].peBlue;
183 bitmap->palette[index].peBlue = temp_color;
184
185 // always set the flags word to this
186 bitmap->palette[index].peFlags = PC_NOCOLLAPSE;
187 } // end for index
188
189 } // end if
190
191// finally the image data itself
192_lseek(file_handle,-(int)(bitmap->bitmapinfoheader.biSizeImage),SEEK_END);
193
194// now read in the image, if the image is 8 or 16 bit then simply read it
195// but if its 24 bit then read it into a temporary area and then convert
196// it to a 16 bit image
197
198if (bitmap->bitmapinfoheader.biBitCount==8 || bitmap->bitmapinfoheader.biBitCount==16 ||
199 bitmap->bitmapinfoheader.biBitCount==24)
200 {
201 // delete the last image if there was one
202 if (bitmap->buffer)
203 free(bitmap->buffer);
204
205 // allocate the memory for the image
206 if (!(bitmap->buffer = (UCHAR *)malloc(bitmap->bitmapinfoheader.biSizeImage)))
207 {
208 // close the file
209 _lclose(file_handle);
210
211 // return error
212 return(0);
213 } // end if
214
215 // now read it in
216 _lread(file_handle,bitmap->buffer,bitmap->bitmapinfoheader.biSizeImage);
217
218 } // end if
219else
220 {
221 // serious problem
222 return(0);
223
224 } // end else
225
226#if 0
227// write the file info out
228printf("\nfilename:%s \nsize=%d \nwidth=%d \nheight=%d \nbitsperpixel=%d \ncolors=%d \nimpcolors=%d",
229 filename,
230 bitmap->bitmapinfoheader.biSizeImage,
231 bitmap->bitmapinfoheader.biWidth,
232 bitmap->bitmapinfoheader.biHeight,
233 bitmap->bitmapinfoheader.biBitCount,
234 bitmap->bitmapinfoheader.biClrUsed,
235 bitmap->bitmapinfoheader.biClrImportant);
236#endif
237
238// close the file
239_lclose(file_handle);
240
241// flip the bitmap
242Flip_Bitmap(bitmap->buffer,
243 bitmap->bitmapinfoheader.biWidth*(bitmap->bitmapinfoheader.biBitCount/8),
244 bitmap->bitmapinfoheader.biHeight);
245
246// return success
247return(1);
248
249} // end Load_Bitmap_File
250
251/**//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 252// 卸载位图文件，释放内存
253int Unload_Bitmap_File(BITMAP_FILE_PTR bitmap)
254{
255// this function releases all memory associated with "bitmap"
256if (bitmap->buffer)
257 {
258 // release memory
259 free(bitmap->buffer);
260
261 // reset pointer
262 bitmap->buffer = NULL;
263
264 } // end if
265
266// return success
267return(1);
268
269} // end Unload_Bitmap_File
270
271/**//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 272//将位图文件上下颠倒~
273int Flip_Bitmap(UCHAR *image, int bytes_per_line, int height)
274{
275// this function is used to flip bottom-up .BMP images
276
277UCHAR *buffer; // used to perform the image processing
278int index; // looping index
279
280// allocate the temporary buffer
281if (!(buffer = (UCHAR *)malloc(bytes_per_line*height)))
282 return(0);
283
284// copy image to work area
285memcpy(buffer,image,bytes_per_line*height);
286
287// flip vertically
288for (index=0; index < height; index++)
289 memcpy(&image[((height-1) - index)*bytes_per_line],
290 &buffer[index*bytes_per_line], bytes_per_line);
291
292// release the memory
293free(buffer);
294
295// return success
296return(1);
297
298} // end Flip_Bitmap
299
300/**//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 301//为表面关联裁剪器
302LPDIRECTDRAWCLIPPER DDraw_Attach_Clipper(LPDIRECTDRAWSURFACE7 lpdds,
303 int num_rects,
304 LPRECT clip_list)
305
306{
307// this function creates a clipper from the sent clip list and attaches
308// it to the sent surface
309
310int index; // looping var
311LPDIRECTDRAWCLIPPER lpddclipper; // pointer to the newly created dd clipper
312LPRGNDATA region_data; // pointer to the region data that contains
313 // the header and clip list
314
315// first create the direct draw clipper
316// step 1: 生成裁剪器
317if (FAILED(lpdd->CreateClipper(0,&lpddclipper,NULL)))
318 return(NULL);
319
320// now create the clip list from the sent data
321
322// step 2: 创建裁剪序列
323// first allocate memory for region data
324// 为ClipperList申请空间
325region_data = (LPRGNDATA)malloc(sizeof(RGNDATAHEADER)+num_rects*sizeof(RECT));
326
327// now copy the rects into region data
328// 拷贝指定的RECTs到ClipperList,即 RGNDATA 结构体的 Buffer中
329memcpy(region_data->Buffer, clip_list, sizeof(RECT)*num_rects);
330
331// set up fields of header
332region_data->rdh.dwSize = sizeof(RGNDATAHEADER);
333region_data->rdh.iType = RDH_RECTANGLES;
334region_data->rdh.nCount = num_rects;
335region_data->rdh.nRgnSize = num_rects*sizeof(RECT);
336
337region_data->rdh.rcBound.left = 64000;
338region_data->rdh.rcBound.top = 64000;
339region_data->rdh.rcBound.right = -64000;
340region_data->rdh.rcBound.bottom = -64000;
341
342// find bounds of all clipping regions
343// 填充 RGNDATAs
344for (index=0; index<num_rects; index++)
345 {
346 // test if the next rectangle unioned with the current bound is larger
347 if (clip_list[index].left < region_data->rdh.rcBound.left)
348 region_data->rdh.rcBound.left = clip_list[index].left;
349
350 if (clip_list[index].right > region_data->rdh.rcBound.right)
351 region_data->rdh.rcBound.right = clip_list[index].right;
352
353 if (clip_list[index].top < region_data->rdh.rcBound.top)
354 region_data->rdh.rcBound.top = clip_list[index].top;
355
356 if (clip_list[index].bottom > region_data->rdh.rcBound.bottom)
357 region_data->rdh.rcBound.bottom = clip_list[index].bottom;
358
359 } // end for index
360
361// now we have computed the bounding rectangle region and set up the data
362// now let's set the clipping list
363// step 3: 将裁剪序列发送给裁剪器
364if (FAILED(lpddclipper->SetClipList(region_data, 0)))
365 {
366 // release memory and return error
367 free(region_data);
368 return(NULL);
369 } // end if
370
371// now attach the clipper to the surface
372// step 4: 将裁减器同表面关联
373if (FAILED(lpdds->SetClipper(lpddclipper)))
374 {
375 // release memory and return error
376 free(region_data);
377 return(NULL);
378 } // end if
379
380 // FINISHED!!!
381// all is well, so release memory and send back the pointer to the new clipper
382free(region_data);
383return(lpddclipper);
384
385} // end DDraw_Attach_Clipper
386
387/**//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 388// 用指定颜色填充表面
389int DDraw_Fill_Surface(LPDIRECTDRAWSURFACE7 lpdds,int color)
390{
391DDBLTFX ddbltfx; // this contains the DDBLTFX structure
392
393// clear out the structure and set the size field
394DDRAW_INIT_STRUCT(ddbltfx);
395
396// set the dwfillcolor field to the desired color
397ddbltfx.dwFillColor = color;
398
399// ready to blt to surface
400lpdds->Blt(NULL, // ptr to dest rectangle
401 NULL, // ptr to source surface, NA
402 NULL, // ptr to source rectangle, NA
403 DDBLT_COLORFILL | DDBLT_WAIT, // fill and wait
404 &ddbltfx); // ptr to DDBLTFX structure
405
406// return success
407return(1);
408} // end DDraw_Fill_Surface
409
410/**//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 411// 在目标表面特定位置绘制源表面
412
413int DDraw_Draw_Surface(LPDIRECTDRAWSURFACE7 source, // source surface to draw
414 int x, int y, // position to draw at
415 int width, int height, // size of source surface
416 LPDIRECTDRAWSURFACE7 dest, // surface to draw the surface on
417 int transparent = 1) // transparency flag
418{
419// draw a bob at the x,y defined in the BOB
420// on the destination surface defined in dest
421
422RECT dest_rect, // the destination rectangle
423 source_rect; // the source rectangle
424
425// fill in the destination rect
426dest_rect.left = x;
427dest_rect.top = y;
428dest_rect.right = x+width-1;
429dest_rect.bottom = y+height-1;
430
431// fill in the source rect
432source_rect.left = 0;
433source_rect.top = 0;
434source_rect.right = width-1;
435source_rect.bottom = height-1;
436
437// test transparency flag
438
439if (transparent)
440 {
441 // enable color key blit
442 // blt to destination surface
443 if (FAILED(dest->Blt(&dest_rect, source,
444 &source_rect,(DDBLT_WAIT | DDBLT_KEYSRC), // 色彩键设置
445 NULL)))
446 return(0);
447
448 } // end if
449else
450 {
451 // perform blit without color key
452 // blt to destination surface
453 if (FAILED(dest->Blt(&dest_rect, source,
454 &source_rect,(DDBLT_WAIT),
455 NULL)))
456 return(0);
457
458 } // end if
459
460// return success
461return(1);
462
463} // end DDraw_Draw_Surface
464
465/**//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 466// 将结构体中的位图写入表面
467// cx, cy 是要拷贝位图内容的起始 行列号
468int Scan_Image_Bitmap(BITMAP_FILE_PTR bitmap, // bitmap file to scan image data from
469 LPDIRECTDRAWSURFACE7 lpdds, // surface to hold data
470 int cx, int cy) // cell to scan image from
471{
472// this function extracts a bitmap out of a bitmap file
473
474UCHAR *source_ptr, // working pointers
475 *dest_ptr;
476
477DDSURFACEDESC2 ddsd; // direct draw surface description
478
479// get the addr to destination surface memory
480
481// set size of the structure
482ddsd.dwSize = sizeof(ddsd);
483
484// lock the display surface
485lpdds->Lock(NULL,
486 &ddsd,
487 DDLOCK_WAIT | DDLOCK_SURFACEMEMORYPTR,
488 NULL);
489
490// compute position to start scanning bits from
491// ddsd.dwWidth , ddsd.dwHeight 是帧子图像的宽度和高度，参数中的
492// cx,cy指明了第cx行，cy列的子图像,在此将其转换为该帧子图像在原图像
493// 中的位置
494cx = cx*(ddsd.dwWidth+1) + 1;
495cy = cy*(ddsd.dwHeight+1) + 1;
496// 这两行没用
497gwidth = ddsd.dwWidth;
498gheight = ddsd.dwHeight;
499
500// extract bitmap data
501// 找到欲绘制内容在位图中的起始地址
502source_ptr = bitmap->buffer + cy*bitmap->bitmapinfoheader.biWidth+cx;
503
504// assign a pointer to the memory surface for manipulation
505// 获得表面指针
506dest_ptr = (UCHAR *)ddsd.lpSurface;
507
508// iterate thru each scanline and copy bitmap
509// 从位图结构体按行拷贝至表面
510for (int index_y=0; index_y < ddsd.dwHeight; index_y++)
511 {
512 // copy next line of data to destination
513 memcpy(dest_ptr, source_ptr, ddsd.dwWidth);
514
515 // advance pointers
516 dest_ptr += (ddsd.lPitch); // (ddsd.dwWidth);
517 source_ptr += bitmap->bitmapinfoheader.biWidth;
518 } // end for index_y
519
520// unlock the surface
521lpdds->Unlock(NULL);
522
523// return success
524return(1);
525
526} // end Scan_Image_Bitmap
527
528/**//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 529// 创建表面
530LPDIRECTDRAWSURFACE7 DDraw_Create_Surface(int width, int height, int mem_flags, int color_key = 0)
531{
532// this function creates an offscreen plain surface
533
534DDSURFACEDESC2 ddsd; // working description
535LPDIRECTDRAWSURFACE7 lpdds; // temporary surface
536
537// set to access caps, width, and height
538memset(&ddsd,0,sizeof(ddsd));
539ddsd.dwSize = sizeof(ddsd);
540// 创建 离屏表面，必须将dwFlags设置为这样
541ddsd.dwFlags = DDSD_CAPS | DDSD_WIDTH | DDSD_HEIGHT;
542
543// set dimensions of the new bitmap surface
544ddsd.dwWidth = width;
545ddsd.dwHeight = height;
546
547// set surface to offscreen plain
548// 指明是离屏表面
549ddsd.ddsCaps.dwCaps = DDSCAPS_OFFSCREENPLAIN | mem_flags;
550
551// create the surface
552if (FAILED(lpdd->CreateSurface(&ddsd,&lpdds,NULL)))
553 return(NULL);
554
555// test if user wants a color key
556if (color_key >= 0)
557 {
558 // set color key to color 0
559 DDCOLORKEY color_key; // used to set color key
560 color_key.dwColorSpaceLowValue = 0;
561 color_key.dwColorSpaceHighValue = 0;
562
563 // now set the color key for source blitting
564 // 设置色彩键
565 lpdds->SetColorKey(DDCKEY_SRCBLT, &color_key);
566 } // end if
567
568// return surface
569return(lpdds);
570} // end DDraw_Create_Surface
571
572
573/**//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 574
575LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hwnd,
576 UINT msg,
577 WPARAM wparam,
578 LPARAM lparam)
579{
580// this is the main message handler of the system
581PAINTSTRUCT ps; // used in WM_PAINT
582HDC hdc; // handle to a device context
583char buffer[80]; // used to print strings
584
585// what is the message
586switch(msg)
587 {
588 case WM_CREATE:
589 {
590 // do initialization stuff here
591 // return success
592 return(0);
593 } break;
594
595 case WM_PAINT:
596 {
597 // simply validate the window
598 hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd,&ps);
599
600 // end painting
601 EndPaint(hwnd,&ps);
602
603 // return success
604 return(0);
605 } break;
606
607 case WM_DESTROY:
608 {
609
610 // kill the application, this sends a WM_QUIT message
611 PostQuitMessage(0);
612
613 // return success
614 return(0);
615 } break;
616
617 default:break;
618
619 } // end switch
620
621// process any messages that we didn't take care of
622return (DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wparam, lparam));
623
624} // end WinProc
625
626/**//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 627// 在特定位置输出文字
628int Draw_Text_GDI(char *text, int x,int y,COLORREF color, LPDIRECTDRAWSURFACE7 lpdds)
629{
630// this function draws the sent text on the sent surface
631// using color index as the color in the palette
632
633HDC xdc; // the working dc
634
635// get the dc from surface
636if (FAILED(lpdds->GetDC(&xdc)))
637 return(0);
638
639// set the colors for the text up
640SetTextColor(xdc,color);
641
642// set background mode to transparent so black isn't copied
643SetBkMode(xdc, TRANSPARENT);
644
645// draw the text a
646TextOut(xdc,x,y,text,strlen(text));
647
648// release the dc
649lpdds->ReleaseDC(xdc);
650
651// return success
652return(1);
653} // end Draw_Text_GDI
654
655/**//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 656
657int Game_Main(void *parms = NULL, int num_parms = 0)
658{
659// this is the main loop of the game, do all your processing
660// here
661
662// lookup for proper walking sequence
663static int animation_seq[4] = {0,1,0,2};
664
665int index; // general looping variable
666
667// make sure this isn't executed again
668if (window_closed)
669 return(0);
670
671// for now test if user is hitting ESC and send WM_CLOSE
672if (KEYDOWN(VK_ESCAPE))
673 {
674 PostMessage(main_window_handle,WM_CLOSE,0,0);
675 window_closed = 1;
676 } // end if
677
678// copy background to back buffer
679DDraw_Draw_Surface(lpddsbackground,0,0, SCREEN_WIDTH,SCREEN_HEIGHT, lpddsback,0);
680
681// move objects around
682// 移动 Aliens 图像
683for (index=0; index < 3; index++)
684 {
685 // move each object to the right at its given velocity
686 aliens[index].x++; // =aliens[index].velocity;
687
688 // test if off screen edge, and wrap around
689 if (aliens[index].x > SCREEN_WIDTH)
690 aliens[index].x = - 80;
691
692 // animate bot
693 if (++aliens[index].counter >= (8 - aliens[index].velocity))
694 {
695 // reset counter
696 aliens[index].counter = 0;
697
698 // advance to next frame
699 if (++aliens[index].current_frame > 3)
700 aliens[index].current_frame = 0;
701
702 } // end if
703
704 } // end for index
705
706
707// draw all the bots
708for (index=0; index < 3; index++)
709 {
710 // draw objects
711 DDraw_Draw_Surface(aliens[index].frames[animation_seq[aliens[index].current_frame]],
712 aliens[index].x, aliens[index].y,
713 72,80,
714 lpddsback);
715
716 } // end for index
717
718
719// flip pages
720while (FAILED(lpddsprimary->Flip(NULL, DDFLIP_WAIT)));
721
722// wait a sec
723Sleep(30);
724
725// return success or failure or your own return code here
726return(1);
727
728} // end Game_Main
729
730/**///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 731
732int Game_Init(void *parms = NULL, int num_parms = 0)
733{
734// this is called once after the initial window is created and
735// before the main event loop is entered, do all your initialization
736// here
737
738// create IDirectDraw interface 7.0 object and test for error
739if (FAILED(DirectDrawCreateEx(NULL, (void **)&lpdd, IID_IDirectDraw7, NULL)))
740 return(0);
741// set cooperation to full screen
742if (FAILED(lpdd->SetCooperativeLevel(main_window_handle,
743 DDSCL_FULLSCREEN | DDSCL_ALLOWMODEX |
744 DDSCL_EXCLUSIVE | DDSCL_ALLOWREBOOT)))
745 return(0);
746
747// set display mode to 640x480x8
748if (FAILED(lpdd->SetDisplayMode(SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT, SCREEN_BPP,0,0)))
749 return(0);
750
751// we need a complex surface system with a primary and backbuffer
752
753// clear ddsd and set size
754DDRAW_INIT_STRUCT(ddsd);
755
756// enable valid fields
757// 双缓存
758ddsd.dwFlags = DDSD_CAPS | DDSD_BACKBUFFERCOUNT;
759
760// set the backbuffer count field to 1, use 2 for triple buffering
761ddsd.dwBackBufferCount = 1;
762
763// request a complex, flippable
764ddsd.ddsCaps.dwCaps = DDSCAPS_PRIMARYSURFACE | DDSCAPS_COMPLEX | DDSCAPS_FLIP;
765
766// create the primary surface
767// 创建主表面
768if (FAILED(lpdd->CreateSurface(&ddsd, &lpddsprimary, NULL)))
769 return(0);
770
771// now query for attached surface from the primary surface
772// 从主表面获得 缓冲表面
773// this line is needed by the call
774ddsd.ddsCaps.dwCaps = DDSCAPS_BACKBUFFER;
775
776// get the attached back buffer surface
777if (FAILED(lpddsprimary->GetAttachedSurface(&ddsd.ddsCaps, &lpddsback)))
778 return(0);
779
780// build up the palette data array
781for (int color=1; color < 255; color++)
782 {
783 // fill with random RGB values
784 palette[color].peRed = rand()%256;
785 palette[color].peGreen = rand()%256;
786 palette[color].peBlue = rand()%256;
787
788 // set flags field to PC_NOCOLLAPSE
789 palette[color].peFlags = PC_NOCOLLAPSE;
790 } // end for color
791
792// now fill in entry 0 and 255 with black and white
793palette[0].peRed = 0;
794palette[0].peGreen = 0;
795palette[0].peBlue = 0;
796palette[0].peFlags = PC_NOCOLLAPSE;
797
798palette[255].peRed = 255;
799palette[255].peGreen = 255;
800palette[255].peBlue = 255;
801palette[255].peFlags = PC_NOCOLLAPSE;
802
803// create the palette object
804if (FAILED(lpdd->CreatePalette(DDPCAPS_8BIT | DDPCAPS_ALLOW256 |
805 DDPCAPS_INITIALIZE,
806 palette,&lpddpal, NULL)))
807return(0);
808
809// finally attach the palette to the primary surface
810// 把调色板给主表面
811if (FAILED(lpddsprimary->SetPalette(lpddpal)))
812 return(0);
813
814// set clipper up on back buffer since that's where well clip
815// 为后备表面创建并关联裁剪器
816RECT screen_rect= {0,0,SCREEN_WIDTH-1,SCREEN_HEIGHT-1};
817lpddclipper = DDraw_Attach_Clipper(lpddsback,1,&screen_rect);
818
819// load the 8-bit image
820// 载入背景位图
821if (!Load_Bitmap_File(&bitmap,"alley8.bmp"))
822 return(0);
823
824// load it's palette into directdraw
825// 将位图的调色板载入 DirectDraw
826if (FAILED(lpddpal->SetEntries(0,0,MAX_COLORS_PALETTE,bitmap.palette)))
827 return(0);
828
829// clean the surfaces
830// 用纯色填充 主表面 和 后备表面 ，防止有以前的内容残留
831DDraw_Fill_Surface(lpddsprimary,0);
832DDraw_Fill_Surface(lpddsback,0);
833
834// create the buffer to hold the background
835// 为背景图像创建表面
836lpddsbackground = DDraw_Create_Surface(640,480,0,-1);
837
838// copy the background bitmap image to the background surface
839// 将背景位图载入背景表面
840// lock the surface
841lpddsbackground->Lock(NULL,&ddsd, DDLOCK_SURFACEMEMORYPTR | DDLOCK_WAIT,NULL);
842
843// get video pointer to primary surfce
844UCHAR *image_buffer = (UCHAR *)ddsd.lpSurface;
845
846// test if memory is linear
847if (ddsd.lPitch == SCREEN_WIDTH)
848 {
849 // copy memory from double buffer to primary buffer
850 memcpy((void *)image_buffer, (void *)bitmap.buffer, SCREEN_WIDTH*SCREEN_HEIGHT);
851 } // end if
852else
853 { // non-linear
854
855 // make copy of source and destination addresses
856 UCHAR *dest_ptr = image_buffer;
857 UCHAR *src_ptr = bitmap.buffer;
858
859 // memory is non-linear, copy line by line
860 for (int y=0; y < SCREEN_HEIGHT; y++)
861 {
862 // copy line
863 memcpy((void *)dest_ptr, (void *)src_ptr, SCREEN_WIDTH);
864
865 // advance pointers to next line
866 dest_ptr+=ddsd.lPitch;
867 src_ptr +=SCREEN_WIDTH;
868 } // end for
869
870 } // end else
871
872// now unlock the primary surface
873if (FAILED(lpddsbackground->Unlock(NULL)))
874 return(0);
875
876// unload the bitmap file, we no longer need it
877Unload_Bitmap_File(&bitmap);
878
879// seed random number generator
880// 产生随机数，用来设置 Alien 的速度 速度在2~6之间
881srand(GetTickCount());
882
883// initialize all the aliens
884
885// alien on level 1 of complex
886
887aliens[0].x = rand()%SCREEN_WIDTH;
888aliens[0].y = 116 - 72;
889aliens[0].velocity = 2+rand()%4;
890aliens[0].current_frame = 0;
891aliens[0].counter = 0;
892
893// alien on level 2 of complex
894
895aliens[1].x = rand()%SCREEN_WIDTH;
896aliens[1].y = 246 - 72;
897aliens[1].velocity = 2+rand()%4;
898aliens[1].current_frame = 0;
899aliens[1].counter = 0;
900
901// alien on level 3 of complex
902
903aliens[2].x = rand()%SCREEN_WIDTH;
904aliens[2].y = 382 - 72;
905aliens[2].velocity = 2+rand()%4;
906aliens[2].current_frame = 0;
907aliens[2].counter = 0;
908
909// now load the bitmap containing the alien imagery
910// then scan the images out into the surfaces of alien[0]
911// and copy then into the other two, be careful of reference counts!
912// 读入 Alien 的图像
913// load the 8-bit image
914if (!Load_Bitmap_File(&bitmap,"dedsp0.bmp"))
915 return(0);
916
917// create each surface and load bits
918// 为 Alien 的每一帧创建表面，并将对应帧的图像载入表面
919// 在此 Scan_Image_Bitmap中，第3，第4个参数分别指明了帧图像（机器人动画中一帧的子图像）在 Alien 图像中的 行、列号
920// 每个机器人的动作由3帧构成
921for (int index = 0; index < 3; index++)
922 {
923 // create surface to hold image
924 // 每一个帧子图像的大小为 72*80
925 aliens[0].frames[index] = DDraw_Create_Surface(72,80,0);
926
927 // now load bits
928 Scan_Image_Bitmap(&bitmap, // bitmap file to scan image data from
929 aliens[0].frames[index], // surface to hold data
930 index, 0); // cell to scan image from
931
932 } // end for index
933
934// unload the bitmap file, we no longer need it
935Unload_Bitmap_File(&bitmap);
936
937// now for the tricky part. There is no need to create more surfaces with the same
938// data, so I'm going to copy the surface pointers member for member to each alien
939// however, be careful, since the reference counts do NOT go up, you still only need
940// to release() each surface once!
941// 上面只创建一次表面，拷贝到其他两个 Aliens中
942for (index = 0; index < 3; index++)
943 aliens[1].frames[index] = aliens[2].frames[index] = aliens[0].frames[index];
944
945// return success or failure or your own return code here
946return(1);
947
948} // end Game_Init
949
950/**////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 951
952int Game_Shutdown(void *parms = NULL, int num_parms = 0)
953{
954// this is called after the game is exited and the main event
955// loop while is exited, do all you cleanup and shutdown here
956
957// kill all the surfaces
958
959
960// first the palette
961if (lpddpal)
962 {
963 lpddpal->Release();
964 lpddpal = NULL;
965 } // end if
966
967// now the primary surface
968if (lpddsprimary)
969 {
970 lpddsprimary->Release();
971 lpddsprimary = NULL;
972 } // end if
973
974// now blow away the IDirectDraw4 interface
975if (lpdd)
976 {
977 lpdd->Release();
978 lpdd = NULL;
979 } // end if
980
981// return success or failure or your own return code here
982return(1);
983
984} // end Game_Shutdown
985
986// WINMAIN ////////////////////////////////////////////////
987
988int WINAPI WinMain( HINSTANCE hinstance,
989 HINSTANCE hprevinstance,
990 LPSTR lpcmdline,
991 int ncmdshow)
992{
993
994WNDCLASSEX winclass; // this will hold the class we create
995HWND hwnd; // generic window handle
996MSG msg; // generic message
997HDC hdc; // graphics device context
998
999// first fill in the window class stucture
1000winclass.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
1001winclass.style = CS_DBLCLKS | CS_OWNDC |
1002 CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
1003winclass.lpfnWndProc = WindowProc;
1004winclass.cbClsExtra = 0;
1005winclass.cbWndExtra = 0;
1006winclass.hInstance = hinstance;
1007winclass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
1008winclass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
1009winclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(BLACK_BRUSH);
1010winclass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
1011winclass.lpszClassName = WINDOW_CLASS_NAME;
1012winclass.hIconSm = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
1013
1014// save hinstance in global
1015hinstance_app = hinstance;
1016
1017// register the window class
1018if (!RegisterClassEx(&winclass))
1019 return(0);
1020
1021// create the window
1022if (!(hwnd = CreateWindowEx(NULL, // extended style
1023 WINDOW_CLASS_NAME, // class
1024 "DirectDraw 8-Bit Blitting Demo", // title
1025 WS_POPUP | WS_VISIBLE,
1026 0,0, // initial x,y
1027 SCREEN_WIDTH,SCREEN_HEIGHT, // initial width, height
1028 NULL, // handle to parent
1029 NULL, // handle to menu
1030 hinstance,// instance of this application
1031 NULL))) // extra creation parms
1032return(0);
1033
1034// save main window handle
1035main_window_handle = hwnd;
1036
1037// initialize game here
1038Game_Init();
1039
1040// enter main event loop
1041while(TRUE)
1042 {
1043 // test if there is a message in queue, if so get it
1044 if (PeekMessage(&msg,NULL,0,0,PM_REMOVE))
1045 {
1046 // test if this is a quit
1047 if (msg.message == WM_QUIT)
1048 break;
1049
1050 // translate any accelerator keys
1051 TranslateMessage(&msg);
1052
1053 // send the message to the window proc
1054 DispatchMessage(&msg);
1055 } // end if
1056
1057 // main game processing goes here
1058 Game_Main();
1059
1060 } // end while
1061
1062// closedown game here
1063Game_Shutdown();
1064
1065// return to Windows like this
1066return(msg.wParam);
1067
1068} // end WinMain
1069
1070/**////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////1071
1072
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# re: 高级DirectDraw和位图图形（3） 回复 更多评论
2011-03-02 12:01 by
给我收益非浅，感谢不尽！
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