题目：写一个程序，让用户来决定Windows任务管理器（Task Manager）的CPU占用率。程序越精简越好，计算机语言不限。例如，可以实现下面三种情况：
1. CPU的占用率固定在50%，为一条直线；
2. CPU的占用率为一条直线，但是具体占用率由命令行参数决定（参数范围1~ 100）；
3. CPU的占用率状态是一个正弦曲线。
控制CPU占用率，不仅仅是出于好玩而已。以前的某些程序，特别是某些老游戏，在新的机器上运行速度太快，必须先给CPU降速，才能顺利运行那些程序，有个共享软件CPUKiller，就是专门弄这个的。
控制CPU占用率，因为要调用Windows的API，要考虑到多核、超线程的情况，要考虑到不同版本的Windows的计时相关的API的精度不同，使问题变得相当复杂，若再考虑其它程序的CPU占用率，则该问题则变得很烦人。(taskmgr调用了一个未公开的API)。
对CPU核数的判断，书上是调用GetProcessorInfo，其实可以直接调用GetSystemInfo，SYSTEM_INFO结构的dwNumberOfProcessors成员就是核数。不知道超线程对这两种方法有什么影响。
如果不考虑其它程序的CPU占用情况，可以在每个核上开一个线程，运行指定的函数，实现每个核的CPU占用率相同。
要让CPU的占用率，呈函数 y = calc(t) (0 <= y <= 1, t为时间，单位为ms )分布，只要取间隔很短的一系列点，认为在某个间隔内，y值近似不变。
设间隔值为GAP，显然在指定t值附近的GAP这段时间内，
CPU占用时间为：busy = GAP * calc(t)，
CPU空闲时间为：idle = GAP – busy
因此，很容易写出下面这个通用函数：
void solve(Func *calc)
{
double tb = 0;
while(1) {
unsigned ta = get_time();
double r = calc(tb);
if (r < 0 || r > 1) r = 1;
DWORD busy = r * GAP;
while(get_time() - ta < busy) {}
Sleep(GAP - busy);
tb += GAP;
}
}
如果CPU占用率曲线不是周期性变化，就要对每个t值都要计算一次，否则，可以只计算第一个周期内的各个t值，其它周期的直接取缓存计算结果。
以CPU占用率为正弦曲线为例，显然：y = 0.5 * (1 + sin(a * t + b))
其周期T = 2 * PI / a (PI = 3.1415927)，可以指定T值为60s即60000ms，则
可以确定a值为 2 * PI / T， 若在这60000ms内我们计算200次（c = 200），则GAP值为 T / c = 300ms.也就是说，只要确定了周期和计算次数，其它几个参数也都确定下来。
完整代码如下：
#include<windows.h>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cmath>
const int PERIOD = 60 * 1000; //60,000 ms
const int COUNT = 200;
const double PI = 3.1415926535898;
const double GAP = (double)PERIOD / COUNT;
const double FACTOR = 2 * PI / PERIOD;
typedef double Func(double);
inline DWORD get_time() { return GetTickCount(); }
double calc2(double x) { return (1 + sin(FACTOR * x)) / 2;}
double calc3(double)
{
static double cache[COUNT];
static int count = 0;
static bool first = true;
if (first) {
double x = 0.0;
for (int i = 0; i < COUNT; ++i, x += GAP)
cache[i] = (1.0 + sin(FACTOR * x)) / 2.0;
first = false;
}
if (count >= COUNT) count = 0;
return cache[count++];
}
double calc4(double) { return 0.8;}
void solve(Func *calc)
{
double tb = 0;
while(1) {
unsigned ta = get_time();
double r = calc(tb);
if (r < 0 || r > 1) r = 1;
DWORD busy = r * GAP;
while(get_time() - ta < busy) {}
Sleep(GAP - busy);
tb += GAP;
}
}
void run()
{
Func *func[] = { calc2, calc3, calc4 };
Func *calc = func[1];
const int MAX_CPUS = 32;
HANDLE handle[MAX_CPUS];
DWORD thread_id[MAX_CPUS];
SYSTEM_INFO info;
GetSystemInfo(&info);
const int num = info.dwNumberOfProcessors;
for (int i = 0; i < num; ++i) {
if ( (handle[i] = CreateThread(NULL, 0, (LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE)solve,
(VOID*)calc, 0, &thread_id[i])) != NULL)
SetThreadAffinityMask(handle[i], i + 1);
}
WaitForSingleObject(handle[0],INFINITE);
}
int main()
{
run();
}
稍微优化下：
#include<cstdio>
#include<cmath>
#include<windows.h>
const int PERIOD = 60 * 1000; //60,000 ms
const int COUNT = 300;
const double GAP_LINEAR = 100;
const double PI = 3.1415926535898;
const double GAP = (double)PERIOD / COUNT;
const double FACTOR = 2 * PI / PERIOD;
typedef double Func(double);
inline DWORD get_time() { return GetTickCount(); }
double calc_sin(double x) { return (1 + sin(FACTOR * x)) / 2;}
static double Ratio = 0.7;
void set_ratio()
{
double ret = 0.0;
printf("Ratio:([0,1]) ");
scanf("%lf", &ret);
if (ret < 0.0 || ret > 1.0) ret = 0.5;
Ratio = ret;
}
void solve_nonperiod(Func *calc)
{
double tb = 0;
while(1) {
unsigned ta = get_time();
double r = calc(tb);
if (r < 0 || r > 1) r = 1;
DWORD busy = r * GAP;
while(get_time() - ta < busy) {}
Sleep(GAP - busy);
//tb += GAP;
tb += get_time() - ta;
}
}
void solve_period(Func *calc)
{
double x = 0.0;
double cache[COUNT];
for (int i = 0; i < COUNT; ++i, x += GAP)
cache[i] = calc(x);
int count = 0;
while(1) {
unsigned ta = get_time();
if (count >= COUNT) count = 0;
double r = cache[count++];
DWORD busy = r * GAP;
while(get_time() - ta < busy) {}
Sleep(GAP - busy);
}
}
void solve_linear(Func*)
{
const unsigned BUSY = Ratio * GAP_LINEAR;
const unsigned IDLE = (1 - Ratio) * GAP_LINEAR;
while(1) {
unsigned ta = get_time();
while(get_time() - ta < BUSY) {}
Sleep(IDLE);
}
}
void run(unsigned index = 0, double ratio = -1.0)
{
typedef void Solve(Func *calc);
Func *func[] = { calc_sin};
Func *calc = func[0];
Solve *solve_func[] = { solve_linear, solve_period, solve_nonperiod };
if (index >= sizeof(solve_func) / sizeof(solve_func[0])) index = 0;
Solve *solve = solve_func[index];
if (solve == solve_linear) {
if (ratio >= 0 && ratio <= 1) Ratio = ratio;
else set_ratio();
}
const int MAX_CPUS = 32;
HANDLE handle[MAX_CPUS];
DWORD thread_id[MAX_CPUS];
SYSTEM_INFO info;
GetSystemInfo(&info);
const int num = info.dwNumberOfProcessors;
for (int i = 0; i < num; ++i) {
if ((handle[i] = CreateThread(NULL, 0, (LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE)solve,
(VOID*)calc, 0, &thread_id[i])) != NULL)
SetThreadAffinityMask(handle[i], i + 1);
}
WaitForSingleObject(handle[0],INFINITE);
}
int main()
{
run(0, 0.5);
//run(0);
//run(1);
//run(1);
}