注：GE是GameEngine的缩写。
GE_APP类解决应用程序的窗口创建问题，为了突出消息处理，这个类并没有更抽象地将窗口程序的消息循环体代码进行封装。因此，这里的应用程序架构是创建窗口（包括注册窗口类，创建窗口，显示窗口，设置窗口回调函数的默认处理），然后继续使用消息循环体，读取键盘和鼠标的输入等，进行一帧的渲染或其他处理。
命名约定：
（1）类采用大写和下划线，如 GE_APP。
（2）类里面的成员变量如果是private或者protected类型，采用下划线开始，紧接着小写字母，如 _data。
（3）类里面的成员变量如果是public类型，采用m_开始， 紧接着小写字母，如m_data。
（4）类里面的方法如果是private或者protected类型，采用下划线开始，紧接着大写字母，如 _Func()。
（5）类里面的方法如果是public类型，采用大写字母开始，如 Func()。
（6）不管是变量还是函数都不采用大小写混合命名，而采用下划线，以更有利于阅读。
（7）目前编译器的及时信提示功能已经十分强大，这里将不采用匈牙利命名法，以免影响代码阅读。
由于本人水平有限，代码中可能有错误，如若发现，敬请指出。
源码下载 需要在工程中设置链接dxguid.lib和dinput8.lib。
首先定义1个头文件GE_COMMON.h，来包含公用的头文件。
GE_COMMON.h
/*************************************************************************************
[Include File]
PURPOSE:
Include Common header files.
*************************************************************************************/
#ifndef GAME_ENGINE_COMMON_H
#define GAME_ENGINE_COMMON_H
#define DIRECTINPUT_VERSION 0x0800 // let compile shut up
#include <windows.h>
#include <tchar.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <d3d9.h>
#include <d3dx9.h>
#include <dinput.h>
#include <dsound.h>
#define Safe_Release(object) if((object) != NULL) { (object)->Release(); (object)=NULL; }
#endif
接着定义GE_APP.h
/*************************************************************************************
[Include File]
PURPOSE:
Create Game Main Window Framework.
*************************************************************************************/
#ifndef GAME_ENGINE_APP_H
#define GAME_ENGINE_APP_H
#include "GE_COMMON.h"
#define WINDOW_CLASS_NAME "MY_GAME"
class GE_APP
{
private:
HWND _wnd;
WNDCLASSEX _wnd_class;
public:
GE_APP() {};
~GE_APP() {};
WNDCLASSEX Get_Window_Class() { return _wnd_class; }
HWND Get_Window_Handle() { return _wnd; }
bool Create_Window(LPCTSTR win_title, HINSTANCE instance, int cmd_show);
static LRESULT CALLBACK Window_Proc(HWND wnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
private:
ATOM _Reg_Window_Class(HINSTANCE instance);
};
#endif
GE_APP.cpp
/*************************************************************************************
[Implement File]
PURPOSE:
Create Game Main Window Framework.
*************************************************************************************/
#include "GE_COMMON.h"
#include "GE_APP.h"
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Create a window by specified title and show type.
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
bool GE_APP::Create_Window(LPCTSTR win_title, HINSTANCE instance, int cmd_show)
{
// regiter window class
_Reg_Window_Class(instance);
// create a window
_wnd = CreateWindow(WINDOW_CLASS_NAME, win_title, WS_SYSMENU | WS_CAPTION | WS_VISIBLE,
CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, NULL, NULL, instance, NULL);
if(_wnd == NULL)
// create failed
return false;
// sets the specified window's show state
ShowWindow(_wnd, cmd_show);
// updates the client area of the specified window
UpdateWindow(_wnd);
return true;
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Registers a window class for subsequent use in calls to the CreateWindow
// or CreateWindowEx function.
//
// If the function succeeds, the return value is a class atom that uniquely
// identifies the class being registered.
// If the function fails, the return value is zero.
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ATOM GE_APP::_Reg_Window_Class(HINSTANCE instance)
{
_wnd_class.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
_wnd_class.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
_wnd_class.lpfnWndProc = (WNDPROC) Window_Proc;
_wnd_class.cbClsExtra = 0;
_wnd_class.cbWndExtra = 0;
_wnd_class.hInstance = instance;
_wnd_class.hIcon = 0;
_wnd_class.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
_wnd_class.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) GetStockObject(BLACK_BRUSH);
_wnd_class.lpszMenuName = 0;
_wnd_class.lpszClassName = WINDOW_CLASS_NAME;
_wnd_class.hIconSm = NULL;
return RegisterClassEx(&_wnd_class);
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Callback function, handle message return by windows.
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
LRESULT CALLBACK GE_APP::Window_Proc(HWND wnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
switch(msg)
{
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
}
return DefWindowProc(wnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
}
现在封装DirectInput。
GE_INPUT.h
/*************************************************************************************
[Include File]
PURPOSE:
Create Game Input handle module.
*************************************************************************************/
#ifndef GAME_ENGINE_INPUT_H
#define GAME_ENGINE_INPUT_H
#include "GE_COMMON.h"
#define ITEMS_NUM 10
static LPDIRECTINPUT8 g_directinput = NULL;
BOOL CALLBACK Enum_Joystick(LPCDIDEVICEINSTANCE device_instance, LPVOID data);
class GE_INPUT
{
private:
bool _use_joystick;
LPDIRECTINPUTDEVICE8 _keyboard;
LPDIRECTINPUTDEVICE8 _mouse;
LPDIRECTINPUTDEVICE8 _joystick;
char _key_buffer[256]; // keyboad buffer (immediate mode)
DIDEVICEOBJECTDATA _mouse_buffer[ITEMS_NUM]; // mouse data buffer (buffer mode)
DIJOYSTATE2 _joystick_buffer; // joystick buffer (immediate mode)
long _left_mouse_move_x, _left_mouse_move_y; // mouse move coordinate
public:
GE_INPUT();
~GE_INPUT();
void Create_Input(HINSTANCE instance, HWND hwnd, int min = -100, int max = 100,
int dead_zone = 20, bool use_joystick = false);
bool Read_Keyboard();
bool Read_Mouse();
bool Read_Joystick();
bool Is_LButton_Pressed();
bool Is_RButton_Pressed();
bool Is_MButton_Pressed();
// Judge which key user has been pressed
bool Is_Key_Pressed(int key) { return (_key_buffer[key] & 0x80 ? true : false); }
long Get_Mouse_Move_X() { return _left_mouse_move_x; }
long Get_Mouse_Move_Y() { return _left_mouse_move_y; }
// Judge which joystick button has been pressed
bool Is_JSButton_Pressed(int button)
{
return (_joystick_buffer.rgbButtons[button] & 0x80) ? true : false;
}
private:
bool _Create_Directinput(HINSTANCE instance);
bool _Create_Keyboard(HWND hwnd);
bool _Create_Mouse(HWND hwnd);
bool _Create_Joystick(HWND hwnd, int min, int max, int dead_zone);
void _Release_Input();
};
#endif
GE_INPUT.cpp
/*************************************************************************************
[Implement File]
PURPOSE:
Create Game Input handle module.
*************************************************************************************/
#include "GE_COMMON.h"
#include "GE_INPUT.h"
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Constructor, initialize data.
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GE_INPUT::GE_INPUT()
{
_use_joystick = false;
_keyboard = NULL;
_mouse = NULL;
_joystick = NULL;
_left_mouse_move_x = 0;
_left_mouse_move_y = 0;
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Destructor, Release input resource.
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GE_INPUT::~GE_INPUT()
{
_Release_Input();
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Release all input resource.
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void GE_INPUT::_Release_Input()
{
// Releases access to keyboard
if(_keyboard)
_keyboard->Unacquire();
// Releases access to mouse
if(_mouse)
_mouse->Unacquire();
// Releases access to joystick
if(_use_joystick && (_joystick != NULL))
_joystick->Unacquire();
// release keyboard and mouse
Safe_Release(_keyboard);
Safe_Release(_mouse);
// release joystick
if(_use_joystick)
Safe_Release(_joystick);
Safe_Release(g_directinput);
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Create directinput, include keybrad, mouse, joystick.
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void GE_INPUT::Create_Input(HINSTANCE instance, HWND hwnd, int min, int max, int dead_zone, bool use_joystick)
{
_Create_Directinput(instance);
_Create_Keyboard(hwnd);
_Create_Mouse(hwnd);
if(use_joystick)
_Create_Joystick(hwnd, min, max, dead_zone);
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Creates a Microsoft DirectInput object.
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
bool GE_INPUT::_Create_Directinput(HINSTANCE instance)
{
if(FAILED(DirectInput8Create(instance, DIRECTINPUT_VERSION, IID_IDirectInput8, (void**) &g_directinput, NULL)))
{
MessageBox(NULL, "Create Directinput object failed.", "ERROR", MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION);
return false;
}
return true;
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Create keyboard device.
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
bool GE_INPUT::_Create_Keyboard(HWND hwnd)
{
// create keyboard device
if(FAILED(g_directinput->CreateDevice(GUID_SysKeyboard, &_keyboard, NULL)))
{
MessageBox(NULL, "DirectInput interface create failed.", "ERROR", MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION);
return false;
}
// Sets the data format for the Microsoft DirectInput device.
if(FAILED(_keyboard->SetDataFormat(&c_dfDIKeyboard)))
{
MessageBox(NULL, "Set data format with keyboard read mode failed.", "ERROR", MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION);
return false;
}
// Establishes the cooperative level for this instance of the device.
// The cooperative level determines how this instance of the device interacts with other instances
// of the device and the rest of the system.
if(FAILED(_keyboard->SetCooperativeLevel(hwnd, DISCL_FOREGROUND | DISCL_NONEXCLUSIVE)))
{
MessageBox(NULL, "Set cooperative Leve failed.", "ERROR", MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION);
return false;
}
// Obtains access to the keyboard device
if(FAILED(_keyboard->Acquire()))
{
MessageBox(NULL, "Acquire keyboard access failed.", "ERROR", MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION);
return false;
}
// zero keyboard buffer
ZeroMemory(_key_buffer, sizeof(char) * 256);
return true;
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Read keyboard data from buffer.
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
bool GE_INPUT::Read_Keyboard()
{
if(DIERR_INPUTLOST == _keyboard->GetDeviceState(sizeof(_key_buffer), (LPVOID) _key_buffer))
{
// re-acquire access to keyboard
_keyboard->Acquire();
if(FAILED(_keyboard->GetDeviceState(sizeof(_key_buffer), (LPVOID) _key_buffer)))
return false;
}
return true;
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Create mouse device.
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
bool GE_INPUT::_Create_Mouse(HWND hwnd)
{
// create mouse input device
if(FAILED(g_directinput->CreateDevice(GUID_SysMouse, &_mouse, NULL)))
{
MessageBox(NULL, "Create mouse input device failed.", "ERROR", MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION);
return false;
}
// set data format for mouse
if(FAILED(_mouse->SetDataFormat(&c_dfDIMouse)))
{
MessageBox(NULL, "Set mouse data format failed.", "ERROR", MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION);
return false;
}
// set cooperative level for mouse
if(FAILED(_mouse->SetCooperativeLevel(hwnd, DISCL_FOREGROUND | DISCL_NONEXCLUSIVE)))
{
MessageBox(NULL, "Set mouse cooperative level failed.", "ERROR", MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION);
return false;
}
// set property for mouse
DIPROPDWORD device_prop;
device_prop.diph.dwSize = sizeof(DIPROPDWORD);
device_prop.diph.dwHeaderSize = sizeof(DIPROPHEADER);
device_prop.diph.dwObj = 0;
device_prop.diph.dwHow = DIPH_DEVICE;
device_prop.dwData = ITEMS_NUM;
if(FAILED(_mouse->SetProperty(DIPROP_BUFFERSIZE, &device_prop.diph)))
{
MessageBox(NULL, "Set property for mouse failed.", "ERROR", MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION);
return false;
}
// get access to mouse
if(FAILED(_mouse->Acquire()))
{
MessageBox(NULL, "Get access to mouse failed.", "ERROR", MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION);
return false;
}
return true;
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Read data from mouse buffer.
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
bool GE_INPUT::Read_Mouse()
{
DWORD read_num = 1;
// zero mouse buffer before reading data
ZeroMemory(_mouse_buffer, sizeof(DIDEVICEOBJECTDATA) * ITEMS_NUM);
// read all mouse data from buffer
for(int i = 0; i < ITEMS_NUM; i++)
{
if(DIERR_INPUTLOST == _mouse->GetDeviceData(sizeof(DIDEVICEOBJECTDATA), &_mouse_buffer[i], &read_num, 0))
{
_mouse->Acquire();
if(FAILED(_mouse->GetDeviceData(sizeof(DIDEVICEOBJECTDATA), &_mouse_buffer[i], &read_num, 0)))
return false;
}
if(_mouse_buffer[i].dwOfs == DIMOFS_X)
_left_mouse_move_x += _mouse_buffer[i].dwData;
if(_mouse_buffer[i].dwOfs == DIMOFS_Y)
_left_mouse_move_y += _mouse_buffer[i].dwData;
}
return true;
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Judge whether left mouse button has been pressed.
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
bool GE_INPUT::Is_LButton_Pressed()
{
for(int i = 0; i < ITEMS_NUM; i++)
{
if((_mouse_buffer[i].dwOfs == DIMOFS_BUTTON0) && (_mouse_buffer[i].dwData & 0x80))
return true;
}
return false;
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Judge whether right mouse button has been pressed.
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
bool GE_INPUT::Is_RButton_Pressed()
{
for(int i = 0; i < ITEMS_NUM; i++)
{
if((_mouse_buffer[i].dwOfs == DIMOFS_BUTTON1) && (_mouse_buffer[i].dwData & 0x80))
return true;
}
return false;
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Judge whether mouse wheel has been pressed.
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
bool GE_INPUT::Is_MButton_Pressed()
{
for(int i = 0; i < ITEMS_NUM; i++)
{
if((_mouse_buffer[i].dwOfs == DIMOFS_BUTTON2) && (_mouse_buffer[i].dwData & 0x80))
return true;
}
return false;
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Create joystick.
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
bool GE_INPUT::_Create_Joystick(HWND hwnd, int min, int max, int dead_zone)
{
// Enumerates all joystick that have been installed successfully
if(FAILED(g_directinput->EnumDevices(DI8DEVCLASS_GAMECTRL, Enum_Joystick, &_joystick, DIEDFL_ATTACHEDONLY)))
{
MessageBox(NULL, "Enumerate joystick failed.", "ERROR", MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION);
return false;
}
if(_joystick == NULL)
{
MessageBox(NULL, "There is no joystick has been installed.", "ERROR", MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION);
return false;
}
// set data format for mouse
if(FAILED(_mouse->SetDataFormat(&c_dfDIJoystick2)))
{
MessageBox(NULL, "Set joystick data format failed.", "ERROR", MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION);
return false;
}
// set cooperative level for mouse
if(FAILED(_mouse->SetCooperativeLevel(hwnd, DISCL_FOREGROUND | DISCL_NONEXCLUSIVE)))
{
MessageBox(NULL, "Set joystick cooperative level failed.", "ERROR", MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION);
return false;
}
// set property for mouse
DIPROPRANGE device_prop;
device_prop.diph.dwSize = sizeof(DIPROPRANGE);
device_prop.diph.dwHeaderSize = sizeof(DIPROPHEADER);
device_prop.diph.dwObj = 0;
device_prop.diph.dwHow = DIPH_DEVICE;
device_prop.lMin = min;
device_prop.lMax = max;
if(FAILED(_joystick->SetProperty(DIPROP_RANGE, &device_prop.diph)))
{
MessageBox(NULL, "Set property range for joystick failed.", "ERROR", MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION);
return false;
}
// set dead zone for joystick
DIPROPDWORD dead_zone_prop;
dead_zone_prop.diph.dwSize = sizeof(DIPROPDWORD);
dead_zone_prop.diph.dwHeaderSize = sizeof(DIPROPHEADER);
dead_zone_prop.diph.dwObj = 0;
dead_zone_prop.diph.dwHow = DIPH_DEVICE;
dead_zone_prop.dwData = 100 * dead_zone;DIPROP_DEADZONE;
if(FAILED(_joystick->SetProperty(DIPROP_DEADZONE, &dead_zone_prop.diph)))
{
MessageBox(NULL, "Set dead zone for joystick failed.", "ERROR", MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION);
return false;
}
// zero joystick buffer
ZeroMemory(&_joystick, sizeof(DIJOYSTATE2));
return true;
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Read data from joystick.
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
bool GE_INPUT::Read_Joystick()
{
// get access to joystick
if(FAILED(_joystick->Acquire()))
return false;
// polling joystick to retrieve data
if(FAILED(_joystick->Poll()))
return false;
// get joystick current state
if(DIERR_INPUTLOST == _joystick->GetDeviceState(sizeof(DIJOYSTATE2), &_joystick_buffer))
{
// re-acquire access to joystick
_joystick->Acquire();
if(FAILED(_joystick->GetDeviceState(sizeof(DIJOYSTATE2), &_joystick_buffer)))
return false;
}
return true;
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Application-defined callback function that receives Microsoft DirectInput devices
// as a result of a call to the IDirectInput8::EnumDevices method.
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BOOL CALLBACK Enum_Joystick(LPCDIDEVICEINSTANCE device_instance, LPVOID data)
{
LPDIRECTINPUTDEVICE8* diDevice = (LPDIRECTINPUTDEVICE8*) data;
if(FAILED(g_directinput->CreateDevice(device_instance->guidInstance, diDevice, NULL)))
return DIENUM_CONTINUE;
return DIENUM_STOP;
}
测试程序，由于身边没有游戏手柄，所以无法测试关于Joystick的代码，这个测试程序存在一些BUG，但大体能用。
/*************************************************************************************
[Implement File]
PURPOSE:
Test Window Framework.
*************************************************************************************/
#define DIRECTINPUT_VERSION 0x0800
#include <stdio.h>
#include "GE_APP.h"
#include "GE_INPUT.h"
#pragma warning(disable : 4996)
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE instance, HINSTANCE, LPSTR cmd_line, int cmd_show)
{
GE_APP ge_app;
GE_INPUT ge_input;
MSG msg = {0};
TCHAR temp_text[50] = {0};
POINT curr_pos; // current mouse cursor position
// create window
if(! ge_app.Create_Window("Test Window Frame", instance, cmd_show))
return false;
HWND hwnd = ge_app.Get_Window_Handle();
HDC hdc = GetDC(hwnd);
// create directinput
ge_input.Create_Input(instance, hwnd, -100, 100, 20, true);
SetWindowPos(hwnd, 0, 0,0,0,0, SWP_NOSIZE);
SetCursorPos(0, 0);
while(msg.message != WM_QUIT)
{
if(PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0,0 , PM_REMOVE))
{
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
else
{
// read data from keyboard buffer
if(ge_input.Read_Keyboard())
{
if(ge_input.Is_Key_Pressed(DIK_A))
MessageBox(NULL, "Key A is pressed.", "Hint", MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION);
if(ge_input.Is_Key_Pressed(DIK_F) && ge_input.Is_Key_Pressed(DIK_LCONTROL))
MessageBox(NULL, "Ctrl+F is pressed.", "Hint", MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION);
if(ge_input.Is_Key_Pressed(DIK_ESCAPE))
PostQuitMessage(0);
}
// read mouse input
if(ge_input.Read_Mouse())
{
GetCursorPos(&curr_pos);
ScreenToClient(hwnd, &curr_pos);
if(ge_input.Is_LButton_Pressed())
{
sprintf(temp_text, "LEFT(%d, %d)", ge_input.Get_Mouse_Move_X(), ge_input.Get_Mouse_Move_Y());
TextOut(hdc, curr_pos.x, curr_pos.y, temp_text, lstrlen(temp_text));
}
if(ge_input.Is_RButton_Pressed())
{
sprintf(temp_text, "RIGHT(%d, %d)", ge_input.Get_Mouse_Move_X(), ge_input.Get_Mouse_Move_Y());
TextOut(hdc, curr_pos.x, curr_pos.y, temp_text, lstrlen(temp_text));
}
}
}
}
UnregisterClass(WINDOW_CLASS_NAME, instance);
return true;
}