创建游戏内核（15）

使用ANIMATION移动网格

ANIMATION类是网格动画组件，也是图形内核的最后一个类。使用ANIMATION，就能够从.X文件加载一连串动画集，把它同OBJECT结合起来创建网格动画。ANIMATION类很小，类似于MESH，它也有一些用于保存动画数据链表的结构体。

首先定义一些结构体来存储.X文件里的旋转关键点、缩放关键点、平移关键点、矩阵关键点信息。

struct S_XFILE_ROTATE_KEY
{
    DWORD time;
    DWORD floats;
    float w;
    float x;
    float y;
    float z;
};

struct S_XFILE_SCALE_KEY
{
    DWORD       time;
    DWORD       floats;
    D3DXVECTOR3 scale;
};

struct S_XFILE_POSITION_KEY
{
    DWORD       time;
    DWORD       floats;
    D3DXVECTOR3 pos;
};

struct S_XFILE_MATRIX_KEY
{
    DWORD       time;
    DWORD       floats;
    D3DXMATRIX  matrix;
};

接着我们定义类ANIMATION：

class ANIMATION
{
protected:
    long                _num_animations;
    S_ANIMATION_SET*    _animation_set;

    void _Parse_XFile_Data(ID3DXFileData* xfile_data, S_ANIMATION_SET* anim_set_to_parse, S_ANIMATION* anim_to_parse);

public:
    ANIMATION();
    ~ANIMATION();

    BOOL Is_Loaded();

    long Get_Num_Animations();
    S_ANIMATION_SET* Get_Animation_Set(char* name = NULL);
    unsigned long Get_Time_Length(char* name = NULL);

    BOOL Load(const char* filename, MESH* map_mesh = NULL);
    void Free();

    BOOL Map_To_Mesh(MESH* mesh);

    BOOL Set_Loop(BOOL is_loop, char* name = NULL);
};

以下是类ANIMATION的实现：

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Constructor, initialize member data.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
ANIMATION::ANIMATION()
{
    _num_animations = 0;
    _animation_set  = NULL;
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Destructor, free resource.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
ANIMATION::~ANIMATION()
{
    Free();
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Load animation information from specified file and map mesh.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
BOOL ANIMATION::Load(const char *filename, MESH *map_mesh)
{
    ID3DXFile*              xfile = NULL;
    ID3DXFileEnumObject*    xfile_enum = NULL;
    ID3DXFileData*          xfile_data = NULL;

    // free a prior animation
    Free();

    // error checking
    if(filename == NULL)
        return FALSE;

    // create the file object
    if(FAILED(D3DXFileCreate(&xfile)))
        return FALSE;

    // register the templates
    if(FAILED(xfile->RegisterTemplates((LPVOID) D3DRM_XTEMPLATES, D3DRM_XTEMPLATE_BYTES)))
    {
        xfile->Release();
        return FALSE;
    }

    // create an enumeration object
    if(FAILED(xfile->CreateEnumObject((LPVOID) filename, DXFILELOAD_FROMFILE, &xfile_enum)))
    {
        xfile->Release();
        return FALSE;
    }

    SIZE_T num_child;

    // retrieve the number of children in this file data object
    xfile_enum->GetChildren(&num_child);

    // loop through all objects looking for the animation
    for(SIZE_T i = 0; i < num_child; i++)
    {
        if(FAILED(xfile_enum->GetChild(i, &xfile_data)))
            return FALSE;

        // parse xfile data
        _Parse_XFile_Data(xfile_data, NULL, NULL);

        Release_COM(xfile_data);
    }

    Release_COM(xfile_enum);
    Release_COM(xfile);

    // map the animation to the supplied mesh (if any)
    if(map_mesh != NULL)
        Map_To_Mesh(map_mesh);

    return TRUE;
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Parse xfile data object which type is animation or animation set,
// call recursively.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
void ANIMATION::_Parse_XFile_Data(ID3DXFileData* xfile_data,
                                  S_ANIMATION_SET* anim_set_to_parse, S_ANIMATION* anim_to_parse)
{
    GUID    type;
    DWORD   size;
    char*   name = NULL;

    // get the template type
    if(FAILED(xfile_data->GetType(&type)))
        return;

    // get the template name (if any)
    if(FAILED(xfile_data->GetName(NULL, &size)))
        return;

    if(size != 0)
    {
        if((name = new char[size]) != NULL)
            xfile_data->GetName(name, &size);
    }

    // give template a default name if none found
    if(name == NULL)
    {
        if((name = new char[9]) == NULL)
            return;

        strcpy(name, "$NoName$");
    }

    // set current animation set and current animation
    S_ANIMATION_SET*    cur_anim_set = anim_set_to_parse;
    S_ANIMATION*        cur_anim = anim_to_parse;

    // process the templates

    S_ANIMATION*        new_anim = NULL;
    S_ANIMATION_SET*    new_anim_set = NULL;

    PBYTE*  data_ptr;
    DWORD   time;

    S_XFILE_ROTATE_KEY*     rot_key;
    S_XFILE_SCALE_KEY*      scale_key;
    S_XFILE_POSITION_KEY*   pos_key;
    S_XFILE_MATRIX_KEY*     mat_key;

    if(type == TID_D3DRMAnimationSet)   // process an animation set
    {
        // create an animation set structure
        if((new_anim_set = new S_ANIMATION_SET()) == NULL)
            return;

        // set the name
        new_anim_set->m_name = name;
        name = NULL;

        // link into the animation set list
        new_anim_set->m_next = _animation_set;
        _animation_set = new_anim_set;

        // set new animation set as current animation set
        cur_anim_set = new_anim_set;
    }
    else if(type == TID_D3DRMAnimation && cur_anim_set != NULL) // process an animtion
    {
        // create an animation structure
        if((new_anim = new S_ANIMATION()) == NULL)
            return;

        // set the name
        new_anim->m_name = name;
        name = NULL;

        // link into the animaton set
        new_anim->m_next = cur_anim_set->m_animation;
        cur_anim_set->m_animation = new_anim;

        cur_anim = new_anim;
    }
    else if(type == TID_D3DRMAnimationKey && cur_anim != NULL)  // process an animation key
    {
        // load in this animation's key data
        if(FAILED(xfile_data->Lock(&size, (LPCVOID*) &data_ptr)))
            return;

        DWORD key_type = ((DWORD*) data_ptr)[0];
        DWORD num_keys = ((DWORD*) data_ptr)[1];

        switch(key_type)
        {
        case 0:     // rotate key type
            delete[] cur_anim->m_rotate_keys;

            if((cur_anim->m_rotate_keys = new S_ROTATE_KEY[num_keys]) == NULL)
                return;

            cur_anim->m_num_rotate_keys = num_keys;
            rot_key = (S_XFILE_ROTATE_KEY*) ((char*) data_ptr + sizeof(DWORD) * 2);

            // translate rotate key information from xfile to animation
            for(DWORD i = 0; i < num_keys; i++)
            {
                cur_anim->m_rotate_keys[i].time = rot_key->time;

                cur_anim->m_rotate_keys[i].quat.x = -rot_key->x;
                cur_anim->m_rotate_keys[i].quat.y = -rot_key->y;
                cur_anim->m_rotate_keys[i].quat.z = -rot_key->z;
                cur_anim->m_rotate_keys[i].quat.w = -rot_key->w;

                if(rot_key->time > cur_anim_set->m_time_length)
                    cur_anim_set->m_time_length = rot_key->time;

                rot_key += 1;
            }

            break;

        case 1:     // scale key type
            delete[] cur_anim->m_scale_keys;

            if((cur_anim->m_scale_keys = new S_SCALE_KEY[num_keys]) == NULL)
                return;

            cur_anim->m_num_scale_keys = num_keys;
            scale_key = (S_XFILE_SCALE_KEY*) ((char*) data_ptr + sizeof(DWORD) * 2);

            // translate scale key information from xfile to animtion
            for(DWORD i = 0; i < num_keys; i++)
            {
                cur_anim->m_scale_keys[i].time  = scale_key->time;
                cur_anim->m_scale_keys[i].scale = scale_key->scale;

                if(scale_key->time > cur_anim_set->m_time_length)
                    cur_anim_set->m_time_length = scale_key->time;

                scale_key += 1;
            }

            // calculate the interpolation values
            if(num_keys > 1)
            {
                for(DWORD i = 0; i < num_keys -1; i++)
                {
                    time = cur_anim->m_scale_keys[i+1].time - cur_anim->m_scale_keys[i].time;

                    if(time == 0)
                        time = 1;

                    cur_anim->m_scale_keys[i].scale_inter =
                        (cur_anim->m_scale_keys[i+1].scale - cur_anim->m_scale_keys[i].scale) / (float)time;
                }
            }

            break;

        case 2:     // position key type
            delete[] cur_anim->m_position_keys;

            if((cur_anim->m_position_keys = new S_POSITION_KEY[num_keys]) == NULL)
                return;

            cur_anim->m_num_position_keys = num_keys;
            pos_key = (S_XFILE_POSITION_KEY*) ((char*) data_ptr + sizeof(DWORD) * 2);

            // translate position key informaton from xfile to animtion
            for(DWORD i = 0; i < num_keys; i++)
            {
                cur_anim->m_position_keys[i].time = pos_key->time;
                cur_anim->m_position_keys[i].pos  = pos_key->pos;

                if(pos_key->time > cur_anim_set->m_time_length)
                    cur_anim_set->m_time_length = pos_key->time;

                pos_key += 1;
            }

            // calculate the interpolation values
            if(num_keys > 1)
            {
                for(DWORD i = 0;i < num_keys - 1; i++)
                {
                    time = cur_anim->m_position_keys[i+1].time - cur_anim->m_position_keys[i].time;

                    if(time == 0)
                        time = 1;

                    cur_anim->m_position_keys[i].pos_inter =
                        (cur_anim->m_position_keys[i+1].pos - cur_anim->m_position_keys[i].pos) / (float)time;
                }
            }

            break;

        case 4:     // matrix key type
            delete[] cur_anim->m_matrix_keys;

            if((cur_anim->m_matrix_keys = new S_MATRIX_KEY[num_keys]) == NULL)
                return;

            cur_anim->m_num_matrix_keys = num_keys;
            mat_key = (S_XFILE_MATRIX_KEY*) ((char*) data_ptr + sizeof(DWORD) * 2);

            // translate matrix key information from xfile to animation
            for(DWORD i = 0; i < num_keys; i++)
            {
                cur_anim->m_matrix_keys[i].time   = mat_key->time;
                cur_anim->m_matrix_keys[i].matrix = mat_key->matrix;

                if(mat_key->time > cur_anim_set->m_time_length)
                    cur_anim_set->m_time_length = mat_key->time;

                mat_key += 1;
            }

            // calculate the interpolation matrices
            if(num_keys > 1)
            {
                for(DWORD i = 0; i < num_keys - 1; i++)
                {
                    time = cur_anim->m_matrix_keys[i+1].time - cur_anim->m_matrix_keys[i].time;

                    if(time == 0)
                        time = 1;

                    cur_anim->m_matrix_keys[i].mat_inter =
                        (cur_anim->m_matrix_keys[i+1].matrix - cur_anim->m_matrix_keys[i].matrix) / (float)time;
                }
            }

            break;
        }

        xfile_data->Unlock();
    }
    else if(type == TID_D3DRMAnimationOptions && cur_anim != NULL)  // process animation options
    {
        // load in this animation's options
        if(FAILED(xfile_data->Lock(&size, (LPCVOID*) &data_ptr)))
            return;

        // process looping information
        if(((DWORD*) data_ptr)[0] == 0)
            cur_anim->m_is_loop = TRUE;
        else
            cur_anim->m_is_loop = FALSE;

        // process linear information
        if(((DWORD*) data_ptr)[1] == 0)
            cur_anim->m_is_linear = FALSE;
        else
            cur_anim->m_is_linear = TRUE;

        xfile_data->Unlock();
    }
    else if(type == TID_D3DRMFrame && cur_anim != NULL)     // process a frame reference
    {
        cur_anim->m_frame_name = name;
        name = NULL;

        // don't enumerate child templates
        return;
    }

    // release name buffer
    delete[] name;

    SIZE_T num_child;
    ID3DXFileData* child_xfile_data = NULL;

    xfile_data->GetChildren(&num_child);

    // scan for embeded templates
    for(SIZE_T i = 0; i < num_child; i++)
    {
        xfile_data->GetChild(i, &child_xfile_data);

        // parse child xfile data
        _Parse_XFile_Data(child_xfile_data, cur_anim_set, cur_anim);

        Release_COM(child_xfile_data);
    }
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Free resource.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
void ANIMATION::Free()
{
    delete _animation_set;
    _animation_set = NULL;

    _num_animations = 0;
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Judge whether animation set has beed loaded.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
BOOL ANIMATION::Is_Loaded()
{
    return (_animation_set != NULL);
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Map all frames in the animation sets to mesh's frames.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
BOOL ANIMATION::Map_To_Mesh(MESH* mesh)
{
    S_ANIMATION_SET*    anim_set;
    S_ANIMATION*        anim;

    // make sure there is a mesh to work with
    if(mesh == NULL)
        return FALSE;

    // assign links to frames by name

    if((anim_set = _animation_set) == NULL)
        return FALSE;

    // scan through all animation sets
    while(anim_set != NULL)
    {
        // scan through all animations in current animation set

        anim = anim_set->m_animation;

        while(anim != NULL)
        {
            // find the matching frame from mesh
            anim->m_frame = mesh->Get_Frame(anim->m_frame_name);

            anim = anim->m_next;
        }

        anim_set = anim_set->m_next;
    }

    return TRUE;
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Get number of animations.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
long ANIMATION::Get_Num_Animations()
{
    return _num_animations;
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Get animation set which match specified name.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
S_ANIMATION_SET* ANIMATION::Get_Animation_Set(char *name)
{
    if(_animation_set == NULL)
        return NULL;

    return _animation_set->Find_Set(name);
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Set loop flag of all animations in the animation set which match
// specified name.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
BOOL ANIMATION::Set_Loop(BOOL is_loop, char *name)
{
    S_ANIMATION_SET* anim_set;

    if((anim_set = Get_Animation_Set(name)) == NULL)
        return FALSE;

    S_ANIMATION* anim = anim_set->m_animation;

    while(anim != NULL)
    {
        anim->m_is_loop = is_loop;
        anim = anim->m_next;
    }

    return TRUE;
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Get time length of animation set which match specified name.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
unsigned long ANIMATION::Get_Time_Length(char* name)
{
    S_ANIMATION_SET* anim_set;

    if((anim_set = Get_Animation_Set(name)) == NULL)
        return 0;

    return anim_set->m_time_length;
}

对于ANIMATION类，一般只调用4个常用的函数：Load，Free，Map_To_Mesh和Set_Loop。要确保动画类能够找到需要修改的网格矩阵，有必要将动画映射到网格。对于Set_Loop函数，要注意name参数，name指出了要设置重复循环的动画名称。

像框架和网格一样，动画也能够在.X文件内进行命名。这样就可以将多个动画打包到.X文件中，并通过名字对它们们进行引用。举例来说，如果.X文件包含一个名称为Walk的动画集，就能够将字符串"Walk"作为name传递给Set_Loop函数。给name指定一个NULL值就指定使用链表中最上面的动画。

其他需要注意的地方就是OBJECT类中的start_time参数，start_time参数提供了初始参考值，动画使用此值对动画进行定时。因此，如果动画基于时间（使用诸如timeGetTime的函数），就要将StartTime设置成开始播放动画的时间。播放动画时，时间可以是任意的，可以用秒、毫秒、帧等等来表示时间，必须选择并一直使用一个时间度量单位。

接下来调用OBJECT::Update_Animation，使用的是所提供时间与start_time之间的差值，这样就给出了一个清除定时机构的思路（换句话说，准确的定时是基于0秒的开始播放时间，而不是任意的时间值）。

我们编写一段代码来测试类ANIMATION:

点击下载源码和工程

/*****************************************************************************
PURPOSE:
    Test for class ANIMATION.
*****************************************************************************/

#include "Core_Global.h"

#pragma warning(disable : 4996)

//===========================================================================
// Defines class APP which public inherits from class APPLICATION.
//===========================================================================
class APP : public APPLICATION
{
private:
    GRAPHICS        _graphics;
    MESH            _mesh;
    OBJECT          _object;
    ANIMATION       _animation;

    DWORD           _last_anim_time;
    BOOL            _is_first_render;

public:
    BOOL Init();
    BOOL Shutdown();
    BOOL Frame();
};

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Initialize graphics, set display mode, set vertex buffer, load texture file.
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
BOOL APP::Init()
{
    D3DXMATRIX mat_view;

    // initialize graphics
    if (! _graphics.Init())
        return FALSE;

    // set display mode for graphics
    if(! _graphics.Set_Mode(Get_Hwnd(), TRUE, FALSE, 640, 480, 16))
        return FALSE;

    // disable D3D lighting
    _graphics.Enable_Lighting(FALSE);

    // set perspective projection transform matrix.
    _graphics.Set_Perspective(D3DX_PI/4.0f, 1.33333f, 1.0f, 1000.0f);

    // create and set the view matrix
    D3DXMatrixLookAtLH(&mat_view,
                       &D3DXVECTOR3(0.0, 50.0, -150.0),
                       &D3DXVECTOR3(0.0, 50.0,  0.0),
                       &D3DXVECTOR3(0.0, 1.0,   0.0));

    _graphics.Get_Device_COM()->SetTransform(D3DTS_VIEW, &mat_view);

    const char* xfilename = "Walk.x";

    // load mesh
    if(! _mesh.Load(&_graphics, xfilename))
        return FALSE;

    // load animation
    if(! _animation.Load(xfilename, &_mesh))
        return FALSE;

    // play loop
    _animation.Set_Loop(TRUE, NULL);

    // create object to draw
    if(! _object.Create(&_graphics, &_mesh))
        return FALSE;

    // attach animation to object
    _object.Set_Animation(&_animation, NULL, timeGetTime());

    _last_anim_time  = timeGetTime();
    _is_first_render = TRUE;

    return TRUE;
}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Release all d3d resource.
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
BOOL APP::Shutdown()
{
    return TRUE;
}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Render a frame.
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
BOOL APP::Frame()
{
    D3DXMATRIX mat_world;

    // clear display with specified color
    _graphics.Clear_Display(D3DCOLOR_RGBA(0, 0, 0, 255));

    // begin scene
    if(_graphics.Begin_Scene())
    {
        // rotate object along x-axis, y-axis.
        _object.Rotate(0, (float) (timeGetTime() / 1000.0), 0);

        if(timeGetTime() - _last_anim_time > 300 || _is_first_render)
        {
            // update animation
            _object.Update_Animation(timeGetTime(), TRUE);

            // update last animation time
            _last_anim_time = timeGetTime();

            _is_first_render = FALSE;
        }

        // draw object
        _object.Render();

        // end the scene
        _graphics.End_Scene();
    }

    // display video buffer
    _graphics.Display();

    return TRUE;
}

int PASCAL WinMain(HINSTANCE inst, HINSTANCE, LPSTR cmd_line, int cmd_show)
{
    APP app;

    return app.Run();
}

运行截图：

posted on 2007-09-15 18:09 lovedday 阅读(525) 评论(0) 编辑收藏引用

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