Debian-Installation-Configuration Lenny
If you have not installed gedit or vi, you can try to use nano!

You may come across the following problem when you restart your newly installed OS:
Starting MTA...
which will spend your many time!

How to speed the starting up, here is a way:
1. sudo gedit /etc/exim4/update-exim4.conf.conf
Change dc_minimaldns='false' to dc_minimaldns='true'
Then
2. sudo dpkg-reconfigure exim4-config
Say OK!



#### Connect to the Internet #############

If you can not have access to Internet, try this:
$ nano /etc/network/interfaces
then add this:

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp

and save, then reboot!

Remark: If you have succeeded in connection to the Internet, and have installed network-manager-gnome,
then you should uncomment the above two lines in /etc/network/interfaces


######  Configure the Sources of Software ########################


Add the following  sources to your /etc/apt/sources.list:

#ustc-debian
deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/debian lenny main non-free contrib
deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/debian lenny main non-free contrib
#ustc- Security updates
deb ftp://debian.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security lenny/updates main non-free contrib
deb-src ftp://debian.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security lenny/updates main non-free contrib
#ustc- Proposed updates
deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/debian lenny-proposed-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/debian lenny-proposed-updates main non-free contrib


#sjtu
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/debian lenny main contrib non-free
deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/debian lenny main contrib non-free
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/debian-security/ lenny/updates main non-free contrib
deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/debian-security/ lenny/updates main non-free contrib

#163
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ lenny    main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ lenny    main contrib non-free
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian-backport/ lenny-backports main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian-backport/ lenny-backports main contrib non-free
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian-security lenny/updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian-security lenny/updates main contrib non-free
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian lenny-proposed-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian lenny-proposed-updates main contrib non-free


deb http://www.lamaresh.net/apt sid main  #wine, this can provide the newest edition of #wine!


#multimedia
deb http://ftp.tw.debian.org/debian-multimedia/ lenny main
deb-src http://ftp.tw.debian.org/debian-multimedia/ lenny main
deb http://www.debian-multimedia.org lenny main

#deb http://ftp.jp.debian.org/debian/ lenny main non-free




When you use
sudo apt-get update
to refresh sources, you may get the error as:
 GPG error: ftp://debian.ustc.edu.cn unstable Release: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 07DC563D1F41B907
W: You may want to run apt-get update to correct these problems

the resolution is such as:
#  gpg --keyserver hkp://wwwkeys.eu.pgp.net --recv-keys EA8E8B2116BA136C
#  gpg --armor --export EA8E8B2116BA136C | apt-key add -

The other is:
#  gpg --keyserver hkp://wwwkeys.eu.pgp.net --recv-keys  07DC563D1F41B907
#  gpg --armor --export  07DC563D1F41B907 | apt-key add -

But for the pubkey of 905C75258D4B24D2 from http://www.lamaresh.net/apt/key.gpg, which is a wine source, you should do:
# wget -c http://www.lamaresh.net/apt/key.gpg
# apt-key add key.gpg


 If there is other PUBKEY need to add,  you can replace this EA8E8B2116BA136C to your PUBKEY

################## install desktops #########################
if you have only installed the basic text interface without any graphic desktop, do this:
$ sudo apt-get install x-window-system-core

Then type this if you want to use the light-weighted desktop--LXDE
$ sudo apt-get install lxde


If you want to get a bare minimum base install of X, do:
$ sudo aptitude install xorg

To install Xfce do the following:
$ sudo aptitude install xfce4

There are many useful utilities that come with XFCE, to install these do:

$ sudo aptitude install xfce4-goodies

You can use
$ sudo apt-get remove --purge xfce*
to uninstall xfce4
$ sudo apt-get install gnome-desktop-environment

Set up time automatically:
$ sudo apt-get install ntp

Install nm-applet again in case of the safe installation
$ sudo apt-get install network-manager-gnome

$ sudo apt-get install gdm-themes

##### Mount probable partitions automatically ###########################
You can use disk-manager to help you mount partitions, this is a easy way!
So you can install it like this:
$ sudo apt-get install disk-manager
Then start it like this:
$ sudo disk-manager

But if you want to mount partitions by yourself, do the following:
At first, install ntfs-3g
$ sudo apt-get install ntfs-3g

Then add the following to /etc/fstab
/dev/sda5 /media/repository ntfs-3g defaults 0 0
/dev/sda6 /media/backuplinux ext3 relatime 1 2
/dev/sda1 /media/spare-space ext3 relatime 1 2

And then

$ cd /media
$ sudo mkdir repository backuplinux spare-space

And what you need to do at last is type:
$ sudo mount -a
to check if it work well!


#### SCIM input and Chinese support  #######################

1. You need to choose zh_CN.UTF-8 for the support of Chinese, at the same time you should default the local to be en_US.UTF-8:
   sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales
2.
sudo apt-get install scim scim-pinyin ttf-wqy-zenhei xfonts-wqy

Then:
sudo gedit /etc/X11/Xsession.d/95xinput
add something like:

export XMODIFIERS=@im=SCIM
export GTK_IM_MODULE="scim"
export QT_IM_MODULE="scim"
scim -d

Then:
sudo chmod 755 /etc/X11/Xsession.d/95xinput

And last
restart your X-window
OK!

############ Install SCIM-Python Input Method ######################
Here is the steps, after you downloaded and unzipped the file http://blogimg.chinaunix.net/blog/upfile2/090218155038.gz
$ sudo apt-get install scim-dev
$ sudo apt-get install python-dev
$ sudo apt-get install python-enchant
$ sudo apt-get install python-gtk2-dev
$ sudo apt-get install libgtk2.0-dev
$ tar jxvf scim-python-${version}.tar.bz2
$ cd scim-python-${version}
$ ./configure --prefix=/usr
$ make                                       #this step needs more time, so be patient
$ sudo make install

After that, you can restart your X-window by Ctrl+Alt+Backspace, and log in again, then you will find the SCIM-Python!
If you need not want to use scim-pinyin any more, please uninstall it by:
sudo apt-get remove scim-pinyin

############### Install IE4LINUX #############################
1) sudo apt-get update
   sudo     apt-get install wine libxxf86dga1 libxxf86vm1 cabextract

2) Logout and login with a user account. Download and install IEs4Linux:

wget -c http://www.tatanka.com.br/ies4linux/downloads/ies4linux-latest.tar.gz
tar zxvf ies4linux-latest.tar.gz
cd ies4linux-*
./ies4linux --no-gui --install-corefonts



################# Install NVIDIA in Lenny #####################


Note: Please print these instructions. After step 6 you will be dropped to a shell and not longer be able to read this page.

   1. $ sudo apt-get install build-essential linux-headers-$(uname -r)
   2. $ cd /usr/src
   3. $ sudo ln -s linux-headers-$(uname -r) linux
   4. $ sudo wget -c http://us.download.nvidia.com/XFree86/Linux-x86/173.14.12/NVIDIA-Linux-x86-173.14.12-pkg1.run
   5. $ sudo /etc/init.d/gdm stop    (to stop gdm and drop to a terminal)
   6. # cd /usr/src && sh NVIDIA-Linux-x86-100.14.23-pkg1.run (to launch the nVidia installer script)

    * Accept the license agreement to continue
    * Select No on the first question prompting to download Kernel from nVidia
    * Click Ok to compile a new Kernel
    * Select No at the prompt to abort now
    * Let the installer finish the build
    * Select Yes to let nVidia-xconfig automatically update your xorg.conf file
    * Click Ok
    * Once the installer has completed, type startx and enjoy your new video hardware enabled Lenny with nVidia driver

You can change your resolution and other advanced video card settings via the nice NVIDIA X Server Settings control applet. Simply navigate to Applications-> System Tools -> NVIDIA X Server Settings

#######  Install Kile+LaTeX support, Openoffice ########################
sudo apt-get install kile kdvi kpdf scim-qtimm openoffice.org

If you can not start kile with your normal user account, that is you are not a root user, please check the permission of the directory $HOME/.kde, to encure that you are the owner of .kde, otherwise you can not start it unless in root role!

Way of changing the owner of $HOME/.kde:
sudo chown -Rf yourname:yourgroup $HOME/.kde

PATH configuration for TeXLive2008:
Put the following to the begining of $HOME/.bashrc:
MANPATH=$HOME/texlive/texmf/doc/man:$MANPATH
INFOPATH=$HOME/texlive/texmf/doc/info:$INFOPATH
PATH=$HOME/texlive/bin/i386-linux:$PATH
export MANPATH INFOPATH PATH

Then renew it by:
source .bashrc

Remark: If you have reinstalled the OS and do not want to reinstall TeXLive2008 again, you can move the former file folders of texlive2008 and .texlive2008 to the proper place of your new OS, usually this is in $HOME/, and you need not change their file permissions any more!

###### Mutilmedia configuration ################################3
sudo apt-get install libxine1-ffmpeg libxine1-all-plugins libxine1-plugins w32codecs libstdc++5

sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg gstreamer0.10-pitfdll gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly gstreamer0.10-esd

sudo apt-get install libdvdnav4 libdvdread3 libdvdcss

sudo apt-get remove totem-mozilla -y

sudo apt-get install smplayer smplayer-themes mozilla-mplayer libmatroska0

sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-fluendo-mpegdemux gstreamer0.10-gnonlin libasound2-plugins

sudo apt-get install audacious

sudo apt-get install audacious-plugins audacious-plugins-extra

Install Realplayer:
If you've downoaded the .deb package of realplayer in /media/repository/soft-linux, type
sudo apt-get install lsb && sudo dpkg -i *.deb


##### Tools for unzip and buiding ##################

sudo apt-get install build-essential autoconf automake cvs subversion
sudo apt-get install unrar p7zip-full cabextract
sudo apt-get install synaptic


################## FTP usage ########################
sudo apt-get install lftp vsftpd

Then:
gedit $HOME/.lftp/rc
the content is:
set    ftp:charset    GBK
set    file:charset    UTF-8

###### Change the appearance of Terminal ####################
1 change the title of Terminal
 Open a terminal, then Edit->Profile-> Default -> Edit -> Title and Command, then select the Dynamically-set title to be Isn't displayed

2 change the command-prompt
  $ gedit ~/.bashrc
And find and change:
else
    #PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w\$ '
    PS1='[\t@\w]\$ '

############## Other configurations #####################
sudo apt-get install gnome-games
sudo apt-get install stardict
sudo apt-get install gthumb
sudo apt-get install pidgin



You can uninstall the exim4 and netatalk to speed the startup of OS:
sudo apt-get remove exim4
sudo apt-get remove netatalk


####### Some optimization after the above done! ##################
if you can not triggle Edit Menus, then check the Permissions of ~/.config/menus, if it's permission is root, then use:
sudo chown -Rf yourname:yourgroup /home/$HOME/.config/menus
and then try again!