飞扬天下

作者：小马丁·路德·金
　　今天，我高兴地同大家一起，参加这次将成为我国历史上为了争取自由而举行的最伟大的示威集会。
　　100年前，一位伟大的美国人——今天我们就站在他象征性的身影下——签署了《解放宣言》。这项重要法令的颁布，对于千百万灼烤于非正义残焰中的黑奴，犹如带来希望之光的硕大灯塔，恰似结束漫漫长夜禁锢的欢畅黎明。
　　然而，100年后，黑人依然没有获得自由。100年后，黑人依然悲惨地蹒跚于种族隔离和种族歧视的枷锁之下。100年后，黑人依然生活在物质繁荣翰海的贫困孤岛上。100年后，黑人依然在美国社会中间向隅而泣，依然感到自己在国土家园中流离漂泊。所以，我们今天来到这里，要把这骇人听闻的情况公诸于众。
　　从某种意义上说，我们来到国家的首都是为了兑现一张支票。我们共和国的缔造者在拟写宪法和独立宣言的辉煌篇章时，就签署了一张每一个美国人都能继承的期票。这张期票向所有人承诺——不论白人还是黑人——都享有不可让渡的生存权、自由权和追求幸福权。
　　然而，今天美国显然对她的有色公民拖欠着这张期票。美国没有承兑这笔神圣的债务，而是开始给黑人一张空头支票——一张盖着“资金不足”的印戳被退回的支票。但是，我们决不相信正义的银行会破产。我们决不相信这个国家巨大的机会宝库会资金不足。
　　因此，我们来兑现这张支票。这张支票将给我们以宝贵的自由和正义的保障。
　　我们来到这块圣地还为了提醒美国：现在正是万分紧急的时刻。现在不是从容不迫悠然行事或服用渐进主义镇静剂的时候。现在是实现民主诺言的时候。现在是走出幽暗荒凉的种族隔离深谷，踏上种族平等的阳关大道的时候。现在是使我们国家走出种族不平等的流沙，踏上充满手足之情的磐石的时候。现在是使上帝所有孩子真正享有公正的时候。
　　忽视这一时刻的紧迫性，对于国家将会是致命的。自由平等的朗朗秋日不到来，黑人顺情合理哀怨的酷暑就不会过去。1963年不是一个结束，而是一个开端。
　　如果国家依然我行我素，那些希望黑人只需出出气就会心满意足的人将大失所望。在黑人得到公民权之前，美国既不会安宁，也不会平静。反抗的旋风将继续震撼我们国家的基石，直至光辉灿烂的正义之日来临。
　　但是，对于站在通向正义之宫艰险门槛上的人们，有一些话我必须要说。在我们争取合法地位的过程中，切不要错误行事导致犯罪。我们切不要吞饮仇恨辛酸的苦酒，来解除对于自由的饮渴。
　　我们应该永远得体地、纪律严明地进行斗争。我们不能容许我们富有创造性的抗议沦为暴力行动。我们应该不断升华到用灵魂力量对付肉体力量的崇高境界。
　　席卷黑人社会的新的奇迹般的战斗精神，不应导致我们对所有白人的不信任——因为许多白人兄弟已经认识到：他们的命运同我们的命运紧密相连，他们的自由同我们的自由休戚相关。他们今天来到这里参加集会就是明证。
　　我们不能单独行动。当我们行动时，我们必须保证勇往直前。我们不能后退。有人问热心民权运动的人：“你们什么时候会感到满意？”只要黑人依然是不堪形容的警察暴行恐怖的牺牲品，我们就决不会满意。只要我们在旅途劳顿后，却被公路旁汽车游客旅社和城市旅馆拒之门外，我们就决不会满意。只要黑人的基本活动范围只限于从狭小的黑人居住区到较大的黑人居住区，我们就决不会满意。只要我们的孩子被“仅供白人”的牌子剥夺个性，损毁尊严，我们就决不会满意。只要密西西比州的黑人不能参加选举，纽约州的黑人认为他们与选举毫不相干，我们就决不会满意。不，不，我们不会满意，直至公正似水奔流，正义如泉喷涌。
　　我并非没有注意到你们有些人历尽艰难困苦来到这里。你们有些人刚刚走出狭小的牢房。有些人来自因追求自由而遭受迫害风暴袭击和警察暴虐狂飙摧残的地区。你们饱经风霜，历尽苦难。继续努力吧，要相信：无辜受苦终得拯救。
　　回到密西西比去吧；回到亚拉巴马去吧；回到南卡罗来纳去吧；回到佐治亚去吧；回到路易斯安那去吧；回到我们北方城市中的贫民窟和黑人居住区去吧。要知道，这种情况能够而且将会改变。我们切不要在绝望的深渊里沉沦。
　　朋友们，今天我要对你们说，尽管眼下困难重重，但我依然怀有一个梦。这个梦深深植根于美国梦之中。
　　我梦想有一天，这个国家将会奋起，实现其立国信条的真谛：“我们认为这些真理不言而喻：人人生而平等。”
　　我梦想有一天，在佐治亚州的红色山岗上，昔日奴隶的儿子能够同昔日奴隶主的儿子同席而坐，亲如手足。
　　我梦想有一天，甚至连密西西比州——一个非正义和压迫的热浪逼人的荒漠之州，也会改造成为自由和公正的青青绿洲。
　　我梦想有一天，我的四个小女儿将生活在一个不是以皮肤的颜色，而是以品格的优劣作为评判标准的国家里。
　　我今天怀有一个梦。
　　我梦想有一天，亚拉巴马州会有所改变——尽管该州州长现在仍滔滔不绝地说什么要对联邦法令提出异议和拒绝执行——在那里，黑人儿童能够和白人儿童兄弟姐妹般地携手并行。
　　我今天怀有一个梦。
　　我梦想有一天，深谷弥合，高山夷平，歧路化坦途，曲径成通衢，上帝的光华再现，普天下生灵共谒。
　　这是我们的希望。这是我将带回南方去的信念。有了这个信念，我们就能从绝望之山开采出希望之石。有了这个信念，我们就能把这个国家的嘈杂刺耳的争吵声，变为充满手足之情的悦耳交响曲。有了这个信念，我们就能一同工作，一同祈祷，一同斗争，一同入狱，一同维护自由，因为我们知道，我们终有一天会获得自由。
　　到了这一天，上帝的所有孩子都能以新的含义高唱这首歌：
　　我的祖国，可爱的自由之邦，我为您歌唱。这是我祖先终老的地方，这是早期移民自豪的地方，让自由之声，响彻每一座山岗。
　　如果美国要成为伟大的国家，这一点必须实现。因此，让自由之声响彻新罕布什尔州的巍峨高峰！
　　让自由之声响彻纽约州的崇山峻岭！
　　让自由之声响彻宾夕法尼亚州的阿勒格尼高峰！
　　让自由之声响彻科罗拉多州冰雪皑皑的洛基山！
　　让自由之声响彻加利福尼亚州的婀娜群峰！
　　不，不仅如此；让自由之声响彻佐治亚州的石山！
　　让自由之声响彻田纳西州的望山！
　　让自由之声响彻密西西比州的一座座山峰，一个个土丘！
　　让自由之声响彻每一个山岗！
　　当我们让自由之声轰响，当我们让自由之声响彻每一个大村小庄，每一个州府城镇，我们就能加速这一天的到来。那时，上帝的所有孩子，黑人和白人，犹太教徒和非犹太教徒，耶稣教徒和天主教徒，将能携手同唱那首古老的黑人灵歌：“终于自由了！终于自由了！感谢全能的上帝，我们终于自由了！”
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　　马丁·路德·金（公元1929—1968年），美国黑人律师，著名黑人民权运动领袖。一生曾三次被捕，三次被行刺，1964年获诺贝尔和平奖。1968年被种族主义分子枪杀。他被誉为近百年来八大最具有说服力的演说家之一。1963年他领导25万人向华盛顿进军“大游行”，为黑人争取自由平等和就业。马丁·路德·金在游行集会上发表了这篇著名演说。
　　（bob录自中国文史出版社《世纪档案》）----------------------------
　　附：英文原文----------------------------i have a dreamby martin luther king, jr.delivered on the steps at the lincoln memorial in washingtond.c. on august 28, 1963five score years ago, a great american, in whose symbolic shadowwe stand signed the emancipation proclamation. this momentousdecree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of negroslaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice.it came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night ofcaptivity.but one hundred years later, we must face the tragic fact thatthe negro is still not free. one hundred years later, the lifeof the negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles ofsegregation and the chains of discrimination. one hundred yearslater, the negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in themidst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. one hundred yearslater, the negro is still languishing in the corners of americansociety and finds himself an exile in his own land. so we havecome here today to dramatize an appalling condition.in a sense we have come to our nation's capital to cash a check.when the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent wordsof the constitution and the declaration of independence, theywere signing a promissory note to which every american was tofall heir. this note was a promise that all men would beguarranteed the inalienable rights of life, liberty, and thepursuit of happiness.it is obvious today that america has defaulted on thispromissory note insofar as her citizens of color are concerned.instead of honoring this sacred obligation, america has giventhe negro people a bad check which has come back markedinsufficient funds.justice is bankrupt. we refuse to believe that there areinsufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of thisnation. so we have come to cash this check -- a check that willgive us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security ofjustice. we have also come to this hallowed spot to remindamerica of the fierce urgency of now. this is no time to engagein the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drugof gradualism. now is the time to rise from the dark anddesolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racialjustice. now is the time to open the doors of opportunity to allof god's children. now is the time to lift our nation from thequicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock ofbrotherhood.it would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of themoment and to underestimate the determination of the negro. thissweltering summer of the negro's legitimate discontent will notpass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom andequality. nineteen sixty-three is not an end, but a beginning.those who hope that the negro needed to blow off steam and willnow be content will have a rude awakening if the nation returnsto business as usual. there will be neither rest nor tranquilityin america until the negro is granted his citizenship rights.the whirlwinds of revolt will continue to shake the foundationsof our nation until the bright day of justice emerges.but there is something that i must say to my people who stand onthe warm threshold which leads into the palace of justice. inthe process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guiltyof wrongful deeds. let us not seek to satisfy our thirst forfreedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred.we must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane ofdignity and discipline. we must not allow our creative protestto degenerate into physical violence. again and again we mustrise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soulforce. the marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the negrocommunity must not lead us to distrust of all white people, formany of our white brothers, as evidenced by their presence heretoday, have come to realize that their destiny is tied up withour destiny and their freedom is inextricably bound to ourfreedom. we cannot walk alone.and as we walk, we must make the pledge that we shall marchahead. we cannot turn back. there are those who are asking thedevotees of civil rights, "when will you be satisfied?" we cannever be satisfied as long as our bodies, heavy with the fatigueof travel, cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways andthe hotels of the cities. we cannot be satisfied as long as thenegro's basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a larger one.we can never be satisfied as long as a negro in mississippicannot vote and a negro in new york believes he has nothing forwhich to vote. no, no, we are not satisfied, and we will not besatisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousnesslike a mighty stream.i am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of greattrials and tribulations. some of you have come fresh from narrowcells. some of you have come from areas where your quest forfreedom left you battered by the storms of persecution andstaggered by the winds of police brutality. you have been theveterans of creative suffering. continue to work with the faiththat unearned suffering is redemptive.go back to mississippi, go back to alabama, go back to georgia,go back to louisiana, go back to the slums and ghettos of ournorthern cities, knowing that somehow this situation can andwill be changed. let us not wallow in the valley of despair.i say to you today, my friends, that in spite of thedifficulties and frustrations of the moment, i still have adream. it is a dream deeply rooted in the american dream.i have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and liveout the true meaning of its creed: "we hold these truths to beself-evident: that all men are created equal."i have a dream that one day on the red hills of georgia the sonsof former slaves and the sons of former slaveowners will be ableto sit down together at a table of brotherhood.i have a dream that one day even the state of mississippi, adesert state, sweltering with the heat of injustice andoppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom andjustice.i have a dream that my four children will one day live in anation where they will not be judged by the color of their skinbut by the content of their character.i have a dream today.i have a dream that one day the state of alabama, whosegovernor's lips are presently dripping with the words ofinterposition and nullification, will be transformed into asituation where little black boys and black girls will be ableto join hands with little white boys and white girls and walktogether as sisters and brothers.i have a dream today.i have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, everyhill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will bemade plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, andthe glory of the lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall seeit together.this is our hope. this is the faith with which i return to thesouth. with this faith we will be able to hew out of themountain of despair a stone of hope. with this faith we will beable to transform the jangling discords of our nation into abeautiful symphony of brotherhood. with this faith we will beable to work together, to pray together, to struggle together,to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together,knowing that we will be free one day.this will be the day when all of god's children will be able tosing with a new meaning, "my country, 'tis of thee, sweet landof liberty, of thee i sing. land where my fathers died, land ofthe pilgrim's pride, from every mountainside, let freedom ring."and if america is to be a great nation this must become true. solet freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of new hampshire.let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of new york. letfreedom ring from the heightening alleghenies of pennsylvania!let freedom ring from the snowcapped rockies of colorado!let freedom ring from the curvaceous peaks of california!but not only that; let freedom ring from stone mountain ofgeorgia!let freedom ring from lookout mountain of tennessee!let freedom ring from every hill and every molehill ofmississippi. from every mountainside, let freedom ring.when we let freedom ring, whem we let it ring from every villageand every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will beable to speed up that day when all of god's children, black menand white men, jews and gentiles, protestants and catholics,will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the oldnegro spiritual, "free at last! free at last! thank godalmighty, we are free at last!"