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序列化篇

Posted on 2007-01-05 09:18 tiger 阅读(439) 评论(2)  编辑 收藏 引用

序列化一个简单类

一个“简单类”的定义是:一个即没有父类,也没有聚集类的对象。序列化一个简单的类需要以下步骤:

1.      序列化对象签名和版本

2.      序列化对象成员(如果有)

在下面的例子中,类 Point 包含两个 int 型变量,表示点的坐标。对象的签名和版本定义成静态成员( m_strSignature m_nVersion ),所以每个 Point 类的实例都共享它们。

int Point::serialize

    (CArchive* pArchive)

  {

    ASSERT (pArchive != NULL);

 

    // Step 1: Serialize signature and version

    int nVersion;

    try {

      if (pArchive->IsStoring()) {

          (*pArchive) << Point::m_strSignature;

          (*pArchive) << Point::m_nVersion;

      } else {

          CString strSignature;

          (*pArchive) >> strSignature;

          if (strSignature != Point::m_strSignature)

             return (Status::InvalidFormat);

          (*pArchive) >> nVersion;

          if (nVersion > Point::m_nVersion;)

             return (Status::UnsupportedVersion);

      }

 

      // Step 2: Serialize members

      if (pArchive->IsStoring()) {

          (*pArchive) << m_nX;

          (*pArchive) << m_nY;

      } else {

          (*pArchive) >> m_nX;

          (*pArchive) >> m_nY;

      }

    }

    catch (CException* pException) {

      // A read/write error occured

      pException->Delete();

      if (pArchive->IsStoring())

        return (Status::WriteError);

      return (Status::ReadError);

    }

 

    // Object was successfully serialized

    return (Status::Success);

  }

序列化一个派生类

派生类是指派生于一个简单类,并且不是一个聚集类的类。序列化一个派生类需要以下步骤:

1.      序列化对象签名和版本

2.      序列化对象的基类 << 额外的步骤

3.      序列化对象的成员(如果有)

在下面的例子中,类 ColoredPoint Point 类派生,并且增加一个叫做 m_nColor int 型变量,表示点的颜色。如同所有序列化的类一样, ColoredPoint 类也定义一个静态签名和版本。

int ColoredPoint::serialize

    (CArchive* pArchive)

  {

    ASSERT (pArchive != NULL);

 

    // Step 1: Serialize signature and version

    int nVersion;

    try {

      if (pArchive->IsStoring()) {

          (*pArchive) << ColoredPoint::m_strSignature;

          (*pArchive) << ColoredPoint::m_nVersion;

      } else {

          CString strSignature;

          (*pArchive) >> strSignature;

          if (strSignature != ColoredPoint::m_strSignature)

             return (Status::InvalidFormat);

          (*pArchive) >> nVersion;

          if (nVersion > ColoredPoint::m_nVersion;)

             return (Status::UnsupportedVersion);

      }

 

      // Step 2: Serialize the base class

      int nStatus = Point::serialize (pArchive);

      if (nStatus != Status::Success)

         return (nStatus);

 

      // Step 3: Serialize members

      if (pArchive->IsStoring())

         (*pArchive) << m_nColor;

      else

         (*pArchive) >> m_nColor;

    }

    catch (CException* pException) {

      // A read/write error occured

      pException->Delete();

      if (pArchive->IsStoring())

         return (Status::WriteError);

      return (Status::ReadError);

    }

 

    // Object was successfully serialized

    return (Status::Success);

  }

序列化一个同源的聚集类

同源聚集类常常用来存储数量不定的多个同类型对象。序列化同源聚集类需要以下步骤:

1.      序列化对象签名和版本

2.      序列化对象的基类(如果有)

3.      序列化聚集对象的数量 << 额外的步骤

4.      序列化每个聚集对象 << 额外的步骤

5.      序列化对象的其它成员(如果有)

在下面的例子中,类 ColoredPointList 是一个 ColoredPoint 对象的聚集。为了简单, ColoredPointList 类使用 CPtrArray 来存储对象。如同所有序列化类一样, ColoredPointList 类也定义了一个静态签名和版本。以下是 ColoredPointList 类的示例:

class ColoredPointList

  {

    // Construction/destruction

    public:

      ColoredPointList::ColoredPointList();

      virtual ColoredPointList::~ColoredPointList();

 

    // Attributes

    public:

      static const CString m_strSignature;

      static const int m_nVersion;

 

    // Operations

    public:

      int serialize (CArchive* pArchive);

 

    // Members

    protected:

      CPtrArray m_coloredPoints;

  }

下面是我们如何序列化它:

int ColoredPointList::serialize

    (CArchive* pArchive)

  {

    ASSERT (pArchive != NULL);

    int nStatus = Status::Success;

 

    // Step 1: Serialize signature and version

    int nVersion;

    try {

      if (pArchive->IsStoring()) {

          (*pArchive) << ColoredPointList::m_strSignature;

          (*pArchive) << ColoredPointList::m_nVersion;

      } else {

          CString strSignature;

          (*pArchive) >> strSignature;

          if (strSignature != ColoredPointList::m_strSignature)

             return (Status::InvalidFormat);

          (*pArchive) >> nVersion;

          if (nVersion > ColoredPointList::m_nVersion;)

             return (Status::UnsupportedVersion);

      }

 

      // Step 2: Serialize base class (if any)

      //

      // Nothing to do since ColoredPointList isn't derived from anything.

      // But if it was derived from BaseColoredPointList, we'd do:

      //

      // nStatus = BaseColoredPointList::serialize (pArchive);

      // if (nStatus != Status::Success)

      //    return (nStatus);

 

      // Step 3: Serialize number of items in collection

      int nItems = 0;

      if (pArchive->IsStoring())

         (*pArchive) << m_coloredPoints.GetSize();

      else

         (*pArchive) >> nItems;

 

      // Step 4: Serialize each object in collection

      for (int nObject=0; (nObject < nItems); nObject++) {

 

          // 4a: Point to object being serialized

          ColoredPoint* pColoredPoint = NULL;

          if (pArchive->IsStoring())

             pColoredPoint = (ColoredPoint *) m_coloredPoints.GetAt (nObject);

          else

             pColoredPoint = new ColoredPoint();

          ASSERT (pColoredPoint != NULL);

 

          // 4b: Serialize it

          nStatus = pColoredPoint->serialize (pArchive);

          if (nStatus != Status::Success)

             return (nStatus);

          if (!pArchive->IsStoring())

             m_coloredPoints.Add (pColoredPoint);

      }

 

      // Step 5: Serialize object's other members (if any)

      //

      // Nothing to do since ColoredPointList doesn't have any other

      // members. But if it contained an int (m_nSomeInt) and a Foo

      // object (m_foo), we'd do:

      //

      // if (pArchive->IsStoring())

      //    (*pArchive) << m_nSomeInt;

      // else

      //    (*pArchive) >> m_nColor;

      //

      // nStatus = m_foo::serialize (pArchive);

      // if (nStatus != Status::Success)

      //    return (nStatus);

 

    }

    catch (CException* pException) {

      // A read/write error occured

      pException->Delete();

      if (pArchive->IsStoring())

        return (Status::WriteError);

      return (Status::ReadError);

    }

 

    // Object was successfully serialized

    return (Status::Success);

  }

序列化一个异源聚集类

异源聚集类常常用来存储数量不定的多个不同类型对象。序列化一个异源聚集类需要以下步骤:

1.      序列化对象签名和版本

2.      序列化对象的基类(如果有)

3.      序列化聚集对象的数量

4.      对于每一个聚集对象

a. 序列化对象签名 << 额外的步骤

b. 序列化对象

5.      序列化对象的其它成员(如果有)

你会注意到在序列化中一个仅有的额外步骤是 4(a) ,在序列化每个对象自身前,将先序列化每个对象的签名。这样以后读取数据就比较方便。当序列化一个同源聚集类时,我们处理同类型的对象(前一个例子中的 ColoredPoint )。为了读取一个 ColoredPoint 类,我们在堆中构造它,并且调用它的 Searialize() 方法。

ColoredPoint* pColoredPoint = new ColoredPoint();

 nStatus = pColoredPoint->serialize (pArchive);

当我们处理异源聚集类时,在序列化对象之前,我们需要知道我们读取的对象的类型。这个信息来自于对象的签名。由于我们在序列化对象时已经保存了对象的签名,因此读取时我们可以根据对象的类型构造合适的对象。

// Read object signature

  CString strSignature;

  pArchive >> strSignature;

 

  // Construct object of appropriate type

  ISerializable* pObject = NULL;

  if (strSignature == ColoredPoint::m_strSignature)

     pObject = new ColoredPoint();

  else

    if (strSignature == Line::m_strSignature)

       pObject = new Line();

    else

       if (strSignature == Rectangle::m_strSignature)

          pObject = new Rectangle();

       else

          return (Status::InvalidFormat);

  ASSERT (pObject != NULL);

 

  // Read it back in

  nStatus = pObject->serialize (pArchive);

在上面的代码片段中, ColoredPoint Line Rectangle 都是(最终)派生于一个公共的基类 ISerializable 。这个类除了纯虚函数外没有比一个抽象基类更多的内容(换句话说,是一个“接口” )。 ISerializable 定义方法 getSignature() getVersion Serialize()

class ISerializable

  {

    // Construction/destruction

    public:

      ISerializable::ISerializable()

        { }

      virtual ISerializable::~ISerializable()

        { }

 

    // Operations

    public:

      // Get the object's signature

      virtual CString getSignature() = 0;

 

      // Get the object's version

      virtual int getVersion() = 0;

 

      // Serialize the object

      virtual int serialize (CArchive* pArchive) = 0;

  }

好,让我们序列化异源聚集类。在下面的例子中,类 ShapeList 是可变数量的 ColoredPoint Line Rectangle 对象的聚集,它们都派生于 ISerializable 。你可以将这些类看做是“ ISerializable 接口的实现”。

int ShapeList::serialize

    (CArchive* pArchive)

  {

    ASSERT (pArchive != NULL);

    int nStatus = Status::Success;

 

    // Step 1: Serialize signature and version

    int nVersion;

    try {

      if (pArchive->IsStoring()) {

          (*pArchive) << ShapeList::m_strSignature;

          (*pArchive) << ShapeList::m_nVersion;

      } else {

          CString strSignature;

          (*pArchive) >> strSignature;

          if (strSignature != ShapeList::m_strSignature)

             return (Status::InvalidFormat);

          (*pArchive) >> nVersion;

          if (nVersion > ShapeList::m_nVersion;)

             return (Status::UnsupportedVersion);

      }

 

      // Step 2: Serialize base class (if any)

      //

      // Nothing to do since ShapeList isn't derived from anything.

      // But if it was derived from BaseShapeList, we'd do:

      //

      // nStatus = BaseShapeList::serialize (pArchive);

      // if (nStatus != Status::Success)

      //    return (nStatus);

 

      // Step 3: Serialize number of items in collection

      int nItems = 0;

      if (pArchive->IsStoring())

         (*pArchive) << m_shapes.GetSize();

      else

         (*pArchive) >> nItems;

 

      // Step 4: Serialize each object in collection

      for (int nObject=0; (nObject < nItems); nObject++) {

 

          // 4a: First serialize object's signature

          CString strSignature;

          if (pArchive->IsStoring())

             (*pArchive) << pObject->getSignature();

          else

             (*pArchive) >> strSignature;

 

          //

          // 4b: Then serialize object

          //

 

          // 4b (1): Point to object being serialized

          ISerializable* pObject = NULL;

          if (pArchive->IsStoring())

             pObject = (ISerializable *) m_shapes.GetAt (nObject);

          else {

             if (strSignature == ColoredPoint::m_strSignature)

                pObject = new ColoredPoint();

             else

               if (strSignature == Line::m_strSignature)

                  pObject = new Line();

               else

                  if (strSignature == Rectangle::m_strSignature)

                     pObject = new Rectangle();

                  else

                     return (Status::InvalidFormat);

          }

          ASSERT (pObject != NULL);

 

          // 4b (2): Serialize it

          nStatus = pObject->serialize (pArchive);

          if (nStatus != Status::Success)

             return (nStatus);

          if (!pArchive->IsStoring())

             m_shapes.Add (pColoredPoint);

      }

 

      // Step 5: Serialize object's other members (if any)

      //

      // Nothing to do since ShapeList doesn't have any other

      // members.  But if it contained an int (m_nSomeInt) and

      // a Foo object (m_foo), we'd do:

      //

      // if (pArchive->IsStoring())

      //    (*pArchive) << m_nSomeInt;

      // else

      //    (*pArchive) >> m_nColor;

      //

      // nStatus = m_foo::serialize (pArchive);

      // if (nStatus != Status::Success)

      //    return (nStatus);

 

    }

    catch (CException* pException) {

      // A read/write error occured

      pException->Delete();

      if (pArchive->IsStoring())

        return (Status::WriteError);

      return (Status::ReadError);

    }

 

    // Object was successfully serialized

    return (Status::Success);

  }

类工厂

你可以用一个基于签名的“类工厂”来提供一个新的对象实例以替换在代码片段中丑陋的 if 申明。这里有一些关于类工厂的参考文章:

虽然文章是复杂多样的,但在这之后的基本思想是一样的。一个类工厂和类没有多大差别,它提供一个适当的指定的静态方法(例如: create() ),这个方法提供一个特殊类型的对象。通过工厂的 create() 方法,你可以隐藏令人厌恶的 if 申明。稍微整理一下代码:

...

  // Construct object of appropriate type

  ISerializable* pObject = MyClassFactory::create (strSignature);

  ASSERT (pObject != NULL);

  ...

Feedback

# re: 序列化篇  回复  更多评论   

2007-01-05 10:16 by pengkuny
请问什么是序列化?

# re: 序列化篇  回复  更多评论   

2007-01-05 11:26 by tiger
为实现对象的持久性,通常多以字节流的形式将记录对象状态的数据存放到磁盘上,这种将状态数据保存到磁盘和从磁盘恢复到内存的过程称为序列化。序列化是MFC的一个重要概念,是MFC文档/视图结构应用程序能进行文档打开、保存等操作的基础。

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