一、sort：对一定范围内的所有元素排序
原型：
template <class RandomAccessIterator>
void sort ( RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator last );
template <class RandomAccessIterator, class Compare>
void sort ( RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator last, Compare comp );
例子代码：
// sort algorithm example
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
bool myfunction (int i,int j) { return (i<j); }
struct myclass {
bool operator() (int i,int j) { return (i<j);}
} myobject;
int main () {
int myints[] = {32,71,12,45,26,80,53,33};
vector<int> myvector (myints, myints+8); // 32 71 12 45 26 80 53 33
vector<int>::iterator it;
// using default comparison (operator <):
sort (myvector.begin(), myvector.begin()+4); //(12 32 45 71)26 80 53 33
// using function as comp
sort (myvector.begin()+4, myvector.end(), myfunction); // 12 32 45 71(26 33 53 80)
// using object as comp
sort (myvector.begin(), myvector.end(), myobject); //(12 26 32 33 45 53 71 80)
// print out content:
cout << "myvector contains:";
for (it=myvector.begin(); it!=myvector.end(); ++it)
cout << " " << *it;
cout << endl;
return 0;
}
二、stable_sort：归并排序
原型：
template <class RandomAccessIterator>
void stable_sort ( RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator last );
template <class RandomAccessIterator, class Compare>
void stable_sort ( RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator last,
Compare comp );
例子代码：
// stable_sort example
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
bool compare_as_ints (double i,double j)
{
return (int(i)<int(j));
}
int main () {
double mydoubles[] = {3.14, 1.41, 2.72, 4.67, 1.73, 1.32, 1.62, 2.58};
vector<double> myvector;
vector<double>::iterator it;
myvector.assign(mydoubles,mydoubles+8);
cout << "using default comparison:";
stable_sort (myvector.begin(), myvector.end());
for (it=myvector.begin(); it!=myvector.end(); ++it)
cout << " " << *it;
myvector.assign(mydoubles,mydoubles+8);
cout << "\nusing 'compare_as_ints' :";
stable_sort (myvector.begin(), myvector.end(), compare_as_ints);
for (it=myvector.begin(); it!=myvector.end(); ++it)
cout << " " << *it;
cout << endl;
return 0;
}
三、partial_sort_copy：对序列中的某个范围的元素进行排序(部分排序)
原型：
template <class InputIterator, class RandomAccessIterator>
RandomAccessIterator
partial_sort_copy ( InputIterator first,InputIterator last,
RandomAccessIterator result_first,
RandomAccessIterator result_last );
template <class InputIterator, class RandomAccessIterator, class Compare>
RandomAccessIterator
partial_sort_copy ( InputIterator first,InputIterator last,
RandomAccessIterator result_first,
RandomAccessIterator result_last, Compare comp );
示例代码：
// partial_sort example
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
bool myfunction (int i,int j) { return (i<j); }
int main () {
int myints[] = {9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1};
vector<int> myvector (myints, myints+9);
vector<int>::iterator it;
// using default comparison (operator <):
partial_sort (myvector.begin(), myvector.begin()+5, myvector.end());
// using function as comp
partial_sort (myvector.begin(), myvector.begin()+5, myvector.end(),myfunction);
// print out content:
cout << "myvector contains:";
for (it=myvector.begin(); it!=myvector.end(); ++it)
cout << " " << *it;
cout << endl;
return 0;
}
四、partial_sort_copy：部分排序后拷贝
原型：
template <class InputIterator, class RandomAccessIterator>
RandomAccessIterator
partial_sort_copy ( InputIterator first,InputIterator last,
RandomAccessIterator result_first,
RandomAccessIterator result_last );
template <class InputIterator, class RandomAccessIterator, class Compare>
RandomAccessIterator
partial_sort_copy ( InputIterator first,InputIterator last,
RandomAccessIterator result_first,
RandomAccessIterator result_last, Compare comp );
示例：
// partial_sort_copy example
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
bool myfunction (int i,int j) { return (i<j); }
int main () {
int myints[] = {9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1};
vector<int> myvector (5);
vector<int>::iterator it;
// using default comparison (operator <):
partial_sort_copy (myints, myints+9, myvector.begin(), myvector.end());
// using function as comp
partial_sort_copy (myints, myints+9, myvector.begin(), myvector.end(), myfunction);
// print out content:
cout << "myvector contains:";
for (it=myvector.begin(); it!=myvector.end(); ++it)
cout << " " << *it;
cout << endl;
return 0;
}
五、nth_element：使第n个元素处在序列中的第n个位置，并在这个元素前都是比这个元素小的，
这个元素后面都是比这个这元素大，但是这前后两个序列并不一定都是有序的(排过序)；
原型： template <class RandomAccessIterator>
void nth_element ( RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator nth,
RandomAccessIterator last );
template <class RandomAccessIterator, class Compare>
void nth_element ( RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator nth,
RandomAccessIterator last, Compare comp );
例子代码：
// nth_element example
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
bool myfunction (int i,int j) { return (i<j); }
int main () {
vector<int> myvector;
vector<int>::iterator it;
// set some values:
for (int i=1; i<10; i++) myvector.push_back(i); // 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
random_shuffle (myvector.begin(), myvector.end());
// using default comparison (operator <):
nth_element (myvector.begin(), myvector.begin()+5, myvector.end());
// using function as comp
nth_element (myvector.begin(), myvector.begin()+5, myvector.end(),myfunction);
// print out content:
cout << "myvector contains:";
for (it=myvector.begin(); it!=myvector.end(); ++it)
cout << " " << *it;
cout << endl;
return 0;
}