1、merge：将两个序列合并成一个新的序列，并对新的序列排序
原型：
template <class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2, class OutputIterator>
OutputIterator merge ( InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1,
InputIterator2 first2, InputIterator2 last2,OutputIterator result );
template <class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2,class OutputIterator, class Compare>
OutputIterator merge ( InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1,
InputIterator2 first2, InputIterator2 last2,OutputIterator result, Compare comp );
示例：
// merge algorithm example
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
int main () {
int first[] = {5,10,15,20,25};
int second[] = {50,40,30,20,10};
vector<int> v(10);
vector<int>::iterator it;
sort (first,first+5);
sort (second,second+5);
merge (first,first+5,second,second+5,v.begin());
cout << "The resulting vector contains:";
for (it=v.begin(); it!=v.end(); ++it)
cout << " " << *it;
cout << endl;
return 0;
}
2、inplace_merge：将两个序列合并成一个新的序列,并对新的序列进行归并排序(这两个序列必须要进过排序)
原型：
template <class BidirectionalIterator>
void inplace_merge ( BidirectionalIterator first, BidirectionalIterator middle,
BidirectionalIterator last );
template <class BidirectionalIterator, class Compare>
void inplace_merge ( BidirectionalIterator first, BidirectionalIterator middle,
BidirectionalIterator last, Compare comp );
示例:
// inplace_merge example
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
int main () {
int first[] = {5,10,15,20,25};
int second[] = {50,40,30,20,10};
vector<int> v(10);
vector<int>::iterator it;
sort (first,first+5);
sort (second,second+5);
copy (first,first+5,v.begin());
copy (second,second+5,v.begin()+5);
inplace_merge (v.begin(),v.begin()+5,v.end());
cout << "The resulting vector contains:";
for (it=v.begin(); it!=v.end(); ++it)
cout << " " << *it;
cout << endl;
return 0;
}
3、includes：测试是一个序列是否在另一个序列中
原型：
template <class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2>
bool includes ( InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1,
InputIterator2 first2, InputIterator2 last2 );
template <class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2, class Compare>
bool includes ( InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1,
InputIterator2 first2, InputIterator2 last2, Compare comp );
示例:
// includes algorithm example
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
bool myfunction (int i, int j) { return i<j; }
int main () {
int container[] = {5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,50};
int continent[] = {40,30,20,10};
sort (container,container+10);
sort (continent,continent+4);
// using default comparison:
if ( includes(container,container+10,continent,continent+4) )
cout << "container includes continent!" << endl;
// using myfunction as comp:
if ( includes(container,container+10,continent,continent+4, myfunction) )
cout << "container includes continent!" << endl;
return 0;
}
4、set_union：和merge类似，不过新序列中没有重复的元素
原型：
template <class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2, class OutputIterator>
OutputIterator set_union ( InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1,
InputIterator2 first2, InputIterator2 last2,OutputIterator result );
template <class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2, class OutputIterator, class Compare>
OutputIterator set_union ( InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1,
InputIterator2 first2, InputIterator2 last2,OutputIterator result, Compare comp );
示例：
// set_union example
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
int main () {
int first[] = {5,10,15,20,25};
int second[] = {50,40,30,20,10};
vector<int> v(10); // 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
vector<int>::iterator it;
sort (first,first+5); // 5 10 15 20 25
sort (second,second+5); // 10 20 30 40 50
it=set_union (first, first+5, second, second+5, v.begin());
// 5 10 15 20 25 30 40 50 0 0
cout << "union has " << int(it - v.begin()) << " elements.\n";
return 0;
}
5、set_intersection：两个序列的交集
原型：
template <class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2, class OutputIterator>
OutputIterator set_intersection ( InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1,
InputIterator2 first2, InputIterator2 last2,OutputIterator result );
template <class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2,class OutputIterator, class Compare>
OutputIterator set_intersection ( InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1,
InputIterator2 first2, InputIterator2 last2,OutputIterator result, Compare comp );
示例：
// set_intersection example
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
int main () {
int first[] = {5,10,15,20,25};
int second[] = {50,40,30,20,10};
vector<int> v(10); // 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
vector<int>::iterator it;
sort (first,first+5); // 5 10 15 20 25
sort (second,second+5); // 10 20 30 40 50
it=set_intersection (first, first+5, second, second+5, v.begin());
// 10 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
cout << "intersection has " << int(it - v.begin()) << " elements.\n";
return 0;
}
6、set_difference：序列(first1,last1)不在序列(first2,last2)中的元素
原型：
template <class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2, class OutputIterator>
OutputIterator set_intersection ( InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1,
InputIterator2 first2, InputIterator2 last2,outputIterator result );
template <class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2, class OutputIterator, class Compare>
OutputIterator set_intersection ( InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1,
InputIterator2 first2, InputIterator2 last2,OutputIterator result, Compare comp );
示例：
// set_difference example
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
int main () {
int first[] = {5,10,15,20,25};
int second[] = {50,40,30,20,10};
vector<int> v(10); // 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
vector<int>::iterator it;
sort (first,first+5); // 5 10 15 20 25
sort (second,second+5); // 10 20 30 40 50
it=set_difference (first, first+5, second, second+5, v.begin());
// 5 15 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
cout << "difference has " << int(it - v.begin()) << " elements.\n";
return 0;
}
7、set_symmetric_difference：所有不在序列(first1,last1)和序列(first2,last2)中的元素
原型：
template <class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2, class OutputIterator>
OutputIterator set_symmetric_difference ( InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1,
InputIterator2 first2, InputIterator2 last2,OutputIterator result );
template <class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2, class OutputIterator, class Compare>
OutputIterator set_symmetric_difference ( InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1,
InputIterator2 first2, InputIterator2 last2,OutputIterator result, Compare comp );
示例：
// set_symmetric_difference example
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
int main () {
int first[] = {5,10,15,20,25};
int second[] = {50,40,30,20,10};
vector<int> v(10); // 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
vector<int>::iterator it;
sort (first,first+5); // 5 10 15 20 25
sort (second,second+5); // 10 20 30 40 50
it=set_symmetric_difference (first, first+5, second, second+5, v.begin());
// 5 15 25 30 40 50 0 0 0 0
cout << "symmetric difference has " << int(it - v.begin()) << " elements.\n";
return 0;
}