1. 创建一个新的版本库
从一个压缩包中创建：
$ tar xzf project.tar.gz
$ cd project
$ git init #Initialized empty Git repository in .git/
$ git add .
$ git commit
从远程版本库创建：
$ git clone git://example.com/pub/project.git
$ cd project
2. 管理分支
$ git branch # list all local branches in this repo
$ git checkout test # switch working directory to branch "test"
$ git branch new # create branch "new" starting at current HEAD
$ git branch -d new # delete branch "new"
创建一个不以当前的 HEAD 为起点的分支，用：
$ git branch new test # branch named "test"
$ git branch new v2.6.15 # tag named v2.6.15
$ git branch new HEAD^ # commit before the most recent
$ git branch new HEAD^^ # commit before that
$ git branch new test~10 # ten commits before tip of branch "test"
创建并同时切换至新的分支：
$ git checkout -b new v2.6.15
更新和检验从远程版本库中克隆过来的分支：
$ git fetch # update
$ git branch -r # list
origin/master
origin/next
...
$ git checkout -b masterwork origin/master
从不同的版本库中抓取分支，并给予一个在你的版本库中新的分支名称：
$ git fetch git://example.com/project.git theirbranch:mybranch
$ git fetch git://example.com/project.git v2.6.15:mybranch
给你要定期地协同工作的版本库制作一个列表：
$ git remote add example git://example.com/project.git
$ git remote # list remote repositories
example
origin
$ git remote show example # get details
* remote example
URL: git://example.com/project.git
Tracked remote branches
master
next
...
$ git fetch example # update branches from example
$ git branch -r # list all remote branches
3. 勘查历史
$ gitk # visualize and browse history
$ git log # list all commits
$ git log src/ # ...modifying src/
$ git log v2.6.15..v2.6.16 # ...in v2.6.16, not in v2.6.15
$ git log master..test # ...in branch test, not in branch master
$ git log test..master # ...in branch master, but not in test
$ git log test...master # ...in one branch, not in both
$ git log -S'foo()' # ...where difference contain "foo()"
$ git log --since="2 weeks ago"
$ git log -p # show patches as well
$ git show # most recent commit
$ git diff v2.6.15..v2.6.16 # diff between two tagged versions
$ git diff v2.6.15..HEAD # diff with current head
$ git grep "foo()" # search working directory for "foo()"
$ git grep v2.6.15 "foo()" # search old tree for "foo()"
$ git show v2.6.15:a.txt # look at old version of a.txt
查找撤退点：
$ git bisect start
$ git bisect bad # current version is bad
$ git bisect good v2.6.13-rc2 # last known good revision
Bisecting: 675 revisions left to test after this
# test here, then:
$ git bisect good # if this revision is good, or
$ git bisect bad # if this revision is bad.
# repeat until done.
4. 制作变更
配置 git
vi ~/.gitconfig
[user]
name = Phoenix
email = phoenixtoday@gmail.com
[alias]
co = checkout
ci = commit -a
st = status
br = branch
oneline = log --pretty=oneline --since='2 days ago'
onelog = log -p -1
[color]
status = auto
branch = auto
ui = auto
选择这下次提交的时候要包含那些文件，接着制作交付：
$ git add a.txt # updated file
$ git add b.txt # new file
$ git rm c.txt # old file
$ git commit
或者是准备提交和创建交付一步完成：
$ git commit d.txt # use latest content only of d.txt
$ git commit -a # use latest content of all tracked files
5. 合并
$ git merge test # merge branch "test" into the current branch
$ git pull git://example.com/project.git master
# fetch and merge in remote branch
$ git pull . test # equivalent to git merge test
6. 共享你的变更
引入或者导出补丁：
$ git format-patch origin..HEAD # format a patch for each commit
# in HEAD but not in origin
$ git am mbox # import patches from the mailbox "mbox"
抓取一个不同的 git 版本库的分支，并合并进当前分支：
$ git pull git://example.com/project.git theirbranch
在合并至当前分支之前，将远程分支的变更保存为本地的分支：
$ git pull git://example.com/project.git theirbranch:mybranch
创建了本地分支的交付之后，用这些交付更新远程分支。
$ git push ssh://example.com/project.git mybranch:theirbranch
当本地和远程分支都是叫 "test" 时：
$ git push ssh://example.com/project.git test
对于经常通讯的远程版本库，有快捷命令的版本：
$ git remote add example ssh://example.com/project.git
$ git push example test
7. 版本库的维护
检查损坏：
$ git fsck
重新打包，删除无用的杂物：
$ git gc
8. 其它
忽略某些文件及目录
$ vi .gitignore
可以使用通配符，目录最后不要加斜杠。
丢弃当前所有未提交内容
$ git reset --hard HEAD
有未提交内容时快速切换到另一分支
git stash save "work in progress for foo feature"
切换到另一分支，并修改、提交…
切换回原来分支
git stash apply