这是严蔚敏《数据结构》配套习题册上的题目:将逆波兰式转换成波兰式,并提示错误(作为简化,只处理"+-*/"和0~9的数字)。
例如:"123*-"转换成波兰式为"-1*23"
逆波兰式"123*-"的表达式树如下:
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所以这个转换过程就是:已知一个二叉树的后根遍历序列,求先根遍历序列。
我的算法是根据后根遍历的序列构造一个表达式树,进而先根遍历此树获得波兰式表达式。
定义了两个结构体:
struct Exp{
char op;
Item lhs;
Item rhs;
Exp(){};
Exp(char _op, Item _lhs, Item _rhs):op(_op), lhs(_lhs), rhs(_rhs){ }
Exp(const Exp& e):op(e.op), lhs(e.lhs), rhs(e.rhs) { }
};
表示一个表达式,也是表达式树上的一个子树。
struct Item{
char number;
shared_ptr<Exp> pExp;
bool isNumber;
explicit Item():isNumber(true), number('0'), pExp(){ }
Item(const Item& i):number(i.number), pExp(i.pExp), isNumber(i.isNumber){ }
};
表示一个节点,它可以是一个数字,或者一个表达式(pExp这里我使用的是boost库的智能指针shared_ptr,所以编译的话,需要先安装boost库)。
运行的结果如图:
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*输入时,以'e'表示输入结束。
完整的代码和可执行文件点击这里下载。权当抛砖引玉了,希望有更好算法的同学赐教。
完整的代码:
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#include <stack>
#include <algorithm>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <boost/shared_ptr.hpp>
using namespace std;
using boost::shared_ptr;
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struct Exp;
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struct Item
{
char number;
shared_ptr<Exp> pExp;
bool isNumber;
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explicit Item():isNumber(true), number('0'), pExp()
{ }
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Item(const Item& i):number(i.number), pExp(i.pExp), isNumber(i.isNumber)
{ }
};
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struct Exp
{
char op;
Item lhs;
Item rhs;
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Exp()
{};
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Exp(char _op, Item _lhs, Item _rhs):op(_op), lhs(_lhs), rhs(_rhs)
{ }
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Exp(const Exp& e):op(e.op), lhs(e.lhs), rhs(e.rhs)
{ }
};
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class Error
{
string info;
public:
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Error(string _info):info(_info)
{ }
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Error():info("")
{ }
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string what()
{return info;}
};
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void printPorland(Exp& exp)
{
cout << exp.op ;
if(exp.lhs.isNumber) cout << exp.lhs.number;
else printPorland(*exp.lhs.pExp);
if(exp.rhs.isNumber) cout << exp.rhs.number;
else printPorland(*exp.rhs.pExp);
return;
}
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int main()
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{
stack<Item> ExpStack;
char tmpChar;
Item tmpItem;
Item tmpLhs;
Item tmpRhs;
string numbers = "0123456789";
string operators = "+-*/";
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cout<<"Input the Express(输入 'e'标识结束):";
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do
{
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try
{
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while(cin>>tmpChar)
{
if(tmpChar == 'e') break; //e为结束符
else if(find(numbers.begin(), numbers.end(), //是一个数字
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tmpChar)!=numbers.end())
{
tmpItem.isNumber = true;
tmpItem.number = tmpChar;
ExpStack.push(tmpItem);//数字入栈
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}else if(find(operators.begin(), operators.end(), //是一个操作符
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tmpChar)!=operators.end())
{
//操作符每次要对应两个被操作数,否则语法错误
if(ExpStack.size()<2) throw Error("Syntactic Error!");
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//操作符两边的元素出栈
tmpRhs = ExpStack.top();
ExpStack.pop();
tmpLhs = ExpStack.top();
ExpStack.pop();
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tmpItem.isNumber = false; //非数字,是一个表达式
tmpItem.pExp = shared_ptr<Exp>(new Exp(tmpChar, tmpLhs, tmpRhs));
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ExpStack.push(tmpItem); //表达式入栈
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}else
{ // 未知字符
throw Error("Unknow Character!");
}
}
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if(ExpStack.size()!=1) throw Error("Syntactic Error!");
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tmpItem = ExpStack.top();
ExpStack.pop();
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if(tmpItem.isNumber) cout << tmpItem.number <<endl;
else printPorland(*tmpItem.pExp);
cout << endl;
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}catch(Error& e)
{
cout << e.what() << endl;
getline(cin, string()); //跳过错误的当前行
}
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cout << "Try again?(y/n)" << endl;
cin >> tmpChar;
}while(tmpChar == 'y' || tmpChar == 'Y');
return 0;
}
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posted on 2006-12-05 14:45
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Aha! Algorithm!